Question 1: Define the term 'unauthorised access' in the context of computer misuse.

Answer: Unauthorised access refers to gaining entry to computer systems, data, or networks without permission from the owner or administrator.

Question 2: List two examples of illegal activities that constitute computer misuse.

Answer: Examples include hacking into a system without permission and distributing malicious software (malware).

Question 3: Explain why it is unethical to access someone else's personal data without their consent.

Answer: It is unethical because it violates privacy rights, can cause harm or distress to individuals, and is often illegal, breaching principles of trust and confidentiality.

Question 4: Describe what a 'phishing' attack involves and why it is considered malicious.

Answer: Phishing involves sending fake emails or messages pretending to be trustworthy sources to trick individuals into revealing personal information, which is malicious because it can lead to identity theft or financial loss.

Question 5: Complete the truth table for a AND gate with inputs A and B, and output C.

Answer: Inputs A and B: 0, 0; Output C: 0 Inputs A and B: 0, 1; Output C: 0 Inputs A and B: 1, 0; Output C: 0 Inputs A and B: 1, 1; Output C: 1

Question 6: Draw a logic circuit diagram for an OR gate with two inputs.

Answer: A correct sketch would show two input lines leading into a curved-shaped symbol with a single output line, representing an OR gate.

Question 7: Sketch a flowchart that shows the decision process for determining if a user is allowed to access a restricted system. Include at least two decision points.

Answer: A flowchart starting with 'User requests access', followed by a decision point 'Is user authorised?', leading to 'Grant access' if yes, and 'Deny access' if no. A second decision could check 'Is login details correct?'.

Question 8: Explain the ethical considerations a programmer should keep in mind before developing software that collects user data.

Answer: Programmers should consider user privacy, obtain consent, ensure data security, and only collect data necessary for the software's purpose, respecting legal and ethical standards.

Question 9: Describe the potential consequences of using malicious software to disrupt a business’s operations.

Answer: Consequences include financial loss, damage to reputation, legal penalties, loss of customer trust, and potential legal action against the perpetrator.

Question 10: Identify two ways in which computer misuse can harm individuals or organisations.

Answer: Harm can occur through identity theft and financial loss, or through data breaches that compromise sensitive information.