Question 1: Convert the decimal number 45 into an 8-bit binary number.

Answer: 00101101

Question 2: Convert the 8-bit binary number 11010010 into its decimal equivalent.

Answer: 210

Question 3: Describe how text characters are stored in computers using binary.

Answer: Text characters are stored using binary codes, typically ASCII or Unicode, where each character is represented by a unique sequence of bits, usually 7, 8, or more bits long.

Question 4: Complete the truth table for the AND logic gate: inputs A and B, and output Q.

Answer: A | B | Q 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 0 1 | 0 | 0 1 | 1 | 1

Question 5: Complete the truth table for the OR logic gate: inputs A and B, and output Q.

Answer: A | B | Q 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 1 1 | 0 | 1 1 | 1 | 1

Question 6: Draw a logic circuit that represents a NOT gate feeding into an AND gate with another input A. Label all parts clearly.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a NOT gate with an input labeled 'B', output going into one input of an AND gate, with another input labeled 'A'. The circuit should be clearly labeled with gate symbols and input/output lines.

Question 7: Explain the difference between binary and decimal number systems.

Answer: The decimal system is base 10, using digits 0-9, while the binary system is base 2, using only 0s and 1s. Binary is used internally in computers because it aligns with digital circuit states.

Question 8: Sketch a flowchart diagram demonstrating how a computer might process a binary number to convert it into decimal.

Answer: A correct sketch would show steps: start, read binary number, initialize decimal value to 0, process each bit from left to right by doubling the current value and adding the bit, then display the decimal result, and end.

Question 9: What is the binary representation of the decimal number 156? Write your answer as an 8-bit binary number.

Answer: 10011100

Question 10: Describe how a logic AND gate outputs a high signal (1) or low signal (0) based on its inputs.

Answer: An AND gate outputs high (1) only when both inputs are high (1). If either or both inputs are low (0), the output is low (0).