Question 1: Define the term 'privacy' in the context of computer science and digital technology.

Answer: Privacy refers to the right of individuals to control access to their personal information and to keep their personal activities and data confidential from others.

Question 2: Explain why privacy is important for individuals using online services.

Answer: Privacy is important because it protects individuals from identity theft, unwanted surveillance, and misuse of personal data, helping to maintain personal freedom and security online.

Question 3: Describe one way a website can collect user data without the user being fully aware.

Answer: A website can use cookies to track a user's browsing activity across multiple pages without explicitly informing the user each time data is collected.

Question 4: List two types of personal data that websites might collect from users.

Answer: ["Name and email address","Location data"]

Question 5: Suggest one method that websites can use to protect user privacy when collecting data.

Answer: Websites can implement encryption to secure data transmitted between the user’s device and the server, preventing unauthorised access.

Question 6: Complete the truth table for the following logic gate: AND. The inputs are A and B, and the output is C.

Answer: A | B | C ---|---|--- 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 0 1 | 0 | 0 1 | 1 | 1

Question 7: Complete the truth table for the following logic gate: OR. The inputs are A and B, and the output is C.

Answer: A | B | C ---|---|--- 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 1 1 | 0 | 1 1 | 1 | 1

Question 8: Draw a simple logic circuit that uses two NOT gates and one AND gate to produce an output that is true only when both inputs are false.

Answer: A correct sketch would show two NOT gates each taking one input, and their outputs feeding into an AND gate. The final output is true only when both inputs are false, meaning the NOT gates invert false to true.

Question 9: Sketch a diagram to illustrate how a computer network might protect user privacy using encryption.

Answer: A correct sketch would depict a data packet being encrypted before transmission, with a lock symbol, and decrypted only at the recipient's end, ensuring data privacy during transfer.

Question 10: Describe one ethical issue related to collecting personal data online.

Answer: One ethical issue is the potential for companies to misuse or sell personal data without users' consent, violating privacy rights.

Question 11: Explain what a user should do if they suspect their personal data has been accessed without permission.

Answer: The user should contact the website or service provider, change their passwords, and consider reporting the breach to relevant authorities.