Question 1: Describe the purpose of the physical layer in a network model.

Answer: The physical layer handles the transmission of raw bitstreams over a physical medium, such as cables or wireless signals.

Question 2: Name two functions performed by the data link layer.

Answer: Error detection and correction, and framing data packets for transmission.

Question 3: Explain how the transport layer ensures reliable data transfer between two devices.

Answer: The transport layer uses protocols like TCP to manage data flow, ensure correct delivery, and retransmit lost packets if necessary.

Question 4: Identify which layer of the OSI model is responsible for routing data between different networks.

Answer: The network layer.

Question 5: Complete the following truth table for an AND logic gate: | Input A | Input B | Output | |---------|---------|--------| | 0 | 0 | | | 0 | 1 | | | 1 | 0 | | | 1 | 1 | |

Answer: 0, 0, 0, 1

Question 6: Draw a simple logic circuit that performs the OR operation using basic logic gates. Label each gate clearly.

Answer: A circuit with two inputs feeding into an OR gate, with the output labeled accordingly. The OR gate should be drawn as a curved shape with two input lines and one output line.

Question 7: A network device forwards data packets based on their destination address. Which layer of the OSI model handles this process?

Answer: The network layer.

Question 8: Describe what happens during data encapsulation as data moves down the network layers.

Answer: At each layer, additional headers or trailers are added to the data, encapsulating it with information needed for transmission, routing, and error checking.

Question 9: Sketch a diagram showing the sequence of data moving through the four main layers of the OSI model during a typical network communication.

Answer: A layered diagram with four horizontal layers labeled Physical, Data Link, Network, and Transport. Arrows show data moving downward from Application to Physical during sending, and upward during receiving, with annotations indicating the type of data or headers added at each layer.

Question 10: Explain the difference between a switch and a router in a network.

Answer: A switch connects devices within the same network segment and uses MAC addresses to forward data, while a router connects different networks and uses IP addresses to route data between them.