Question 1: Define what a network protocol is and explain its purpose in computer networks.

Answer: A network protocol is a set of rules and conventions that govern how devices communicate over a network. Its purpose is to ensure data is transmitted accurately, securely, and efficiently between devices.

Question 2: Name two common network protocols used on the internet and briefly describe their functions.

Answer: HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is used for transmitting web pages, while TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) manages reliable data transfer between devices.

Question 3: Describe the main difference between TCP and UDP protocols.

Answer: TCP provides reliable, ordered data transfer with error checking, whereas UDP is faster but does not guarantee delivery or order, making it suitable for streaming or real-time applications.

Question 4: Complete the following table with the correct protocol names based on their descriptions: - Protocol that ensures data is received accurately and in order - Protocol used for streaming media with minimal delay

Answer: TCP; UDP

Question 5: Explain the role of the HTTP protocol in web browsing.

Answer: HTTP is used to transfer hypertext documents, such as web pages, from servers to browsers, enabling users to access websites.

Question 6: List the steps involved in establishing a TCP connection between two computers.

Answer: 1. The client sends a SYN (synchronize) message to the server. 2. The server responds with a SYN-ACK (synchronize-acknowledge). 3. The client replies with an ACK (acknowledge). This process is called the three-way handshake.

Question 7: Draw a simple logic circuit diagram representing an AND gate. Label the inputs and output.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a D-shaped symbol with two inputs entering from the left and one output leaving from the right, with the inputs labeled A and B, and the output labeled Q.

Question 8: Sketch a diagram of the TCP/IP model layers and briefly describe the purpose of each layer.

Answer: A layered diagram with four layers: Application (handles user interface and data), Transport (manages data transfer, e.g., TCP/UDP), Internet (routes data packets, e.g., IP), and Network Access (handles physical transmission). Each layer has specific responsibilities to facilitate communication.

Question 9: Identify which protocol would be used for sending an email and justify your answer.

Answer: SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used for sending emails because it handles the transfer of email messages from client to server and between servers.

Question 10: Describe how the FTP protocol is used in networking.

Answer: FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is used to transfer files between computers over a network, allowing users to upload, download, and manage files on remote servers.

Question 11: Complete the truth table for an OR gate with inputs A and B and output Q. | A | B | Q | |---|---|---|

Answer: | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | 0 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Question 12: Explain the difference between a client and a server in a network.

Answer: A client is a device that requests services or resources from a server, which is a device that provides resources or services to clients on the network.