Question 1: Describe in your own words what the Internet Protocol (IP) does in a network.

Answer: The Internet Protocol (IP) is responsible for addressing and routing data packets so they reach the correct destination across a network.

Question 2: Name two common protocols used for secure communication over the internet.

Answer: HTTPS and SSL/TLS are two common protocols used for secure communication.

Question 3: Explain the difference between TCP and UDP protocols.

Answer: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) ensures reliable data transfer with error checking and acknowledgment, making it suitable for applications like web browsing. UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is faster but does not guarantee delivery, making it suitable for streaming or online gaming.

Question 4: Complete the following truth table for an AND gate:

Answer: A | B | Output 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 0 1 | 0 | 0 1 | 1 | 1

Question 5: Draw a simple logic circuit using AND, OR, and NOT gates that outputs true only when exactly one input is true.

Answer: A correct sketch would include two inputs, with one AND gate connected to both inputs, an OR gate combining the inputs, and a NOT gate to invert one input, with appropriate connections so that the output is true only when one input is true.

Question 6: List three qualities that make a protocol suitable for real-time communication, such as video calls.

Answer: Low latency, fast data transfer, and minimal packet loss.

Question 7: Suppose a network uses the FTP protocol. What is the primary purpose of FTP?

Answer: FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is used to transfer files between computers over a network.

Question 8: Sketch a diagram showing how data flows from a web browser to a web server using the HTTP protocol, including the key steps involved.

Answer: A diagram should show a web browser sending an HTTP request to the server, the server processing the request, and then sending back an HTTP response containing the webpage data.

Question 9: Explain why protocols like SMTP are important for email communication.

Answer: SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is essential for sending and relaying emails between email servers, ensuring messages are delivered properly.

Question 10: Describe what a 'handshake' is in the context of network protocols, and why it is important.

Answer: A handshake is a process where two devices establish a connection by exchanging signals or messages, ensuring both are ready to communicate securely and correctly.