Question 1: Define a variable in programming and give an example of how it might be used in a program.

Answer: A variable is a storage location in a program that holds a value which can change during execution. Example: 'age = 15' stores the number 15 in the variable 'age'.

Question 2: Write a simple line of code in a programming language of your choice that creates a variable called 'score' and assigns it the value 100.

Answer: score = 100

Question 3: Explain the difference between an integer variable and a string variable with examples.

Answer: An integer variable stores whole numbers, e.g., age = 25. A string variable stores text, e.g., name = 'Alice'.

Question 4: Describe what a Boolean variable is and provide an example of its use in a program.

Answer: A Boolean variable can only be true or false. Example: 'isFinished = false' might be used to track if a game is over.

Question 5: Complete the truth table for the AND logic gate with inputs A and B (columns for A, B, and Output).

Answer: [{"A":"0","B":"0","Output":"0"},{"A":"0","B":"1","Output":"0"},{"A":"1","B":"0","Output":"0"},{"A":"1","B":"1","Output":"1"}]

Question 6: Complete the truth table for the OR logic gate with inputs A and B.

Answer: [{"A":"0","B":"0","Output":"0"},{"A":"0","B":"1","Output":"1"},{"A":"1","B":"0","Output":"1"},{"A":"1","B":"1","Output":"1"}]

Question 7: Draw a logic circuit that represents an AND gate with two inputs, A and B.

Answer: A correct sketch would show two input lines labeled A and B entering a gate with a flat front (the AND gate symbol), and an output line coming from the gate.

Question 8: Sketch a simple flowchart that uses a variable 'isRaining' to decide whether to take an umbrella. Use 'Yes' and 'No' branches.

Answer: A correct sketch would include a decision diamond labeled 'Is it raining?', with branches leading to 'Take umbrella' if Yes, and 'No umbrella' if No.

Question 9: Write a short pseudocode snippet that checks if a variable 'score' is greater than 50 and prints 'Pass' if true.

Answer: if score > 50 then print('Pass') end if

Question 10: Identify and explain the purpose of the 'else' part in an if-else statement.

Answer: The 'else' part specifies what should happen if the condition in the 'if' statement is false. It provides an alternative set of actions.

Question 11: Create a variable in your preferred programming language called 'isStudent' and set it to true. Write a conditional statement that prints 'Welcome student!' if 'isStudent' is true.

Answer: isStudent = True if isStudent: print('Welcome student!')