Question 1: Define what a variable is in programming and give an example of how it might be used in a simple program.

Answer: A variable is a storage location in a program that holds data which can change during execution. Example: 'score = 0' where 'score' is a variable holding a numeric value.

Question 2: Write a short pseudocode snippet that assigns the value 10 to a variable named 'counter' and then increases it by 1.

Answer: counter = 10 counter = counter + 1

Question 3: Explain the difference between a variable's name and its value.

Answer: A variable's name is the label used to refer to the storage location in the program, while its value is the actual data stored in that location.

Question 4: Describe a scenario in a game where you might use a variable.

Answer: A variable could be used to keep track of the player's score, such as 'playerScore', which updates as the player earns points.

Question 5: Complete the truth table for the AND logic gate with inputs A and B, and output C. Fill in the output column for all combinations of A and B where 0 represents false and 1 represents true.

Answer: A | B | C 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 0 1 | 0 | 0 1 | 1 | 1

Question 6: Complete the truth table for the OR logic gate with inputs A and B, and output C. Fill in the output for all combinations.

Answer: A | B | C 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 1 1 | 0 | 1 1 | 1 | 1

Question 7: Draw a logic circuit diagram that uses two AND gates and one OR gate to produce a specific output. Label each gate and show how the inputs are connected.

Answer: A correct sketch would show two input lines feeding into two separate AND gates, with their outputs connected to the inputs of an OR gate. The final output is from the OR gate. Label each gate appropriately.

Question 8: Sketch a simple flowchart that uses variables to decide if a person is eligible to vote. The decision is based on whether their age is 18 or above.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a start point, a decision box labeled 'Is age >= 18?', with 'Yes' leading to 'Eligible to vote' and 'No' leading to 'Not eligible to vote'.

Question 9: Explain why variables are important in programming when creating a calculator that adds two numbers.

Answer: Variables are important because they store the input numbers and the result, allowing the program to process different inputs and display the correct sum.

Question 10: Describe what the output would be if the following pseudocode is run: Set x to 5 Set y to 10 Set total to x + y

Answer: The output stored in 'total' will be 15, as it adds the values of x and y.

Question 11: Write a pseudocode statement that checks if a variable 'score' is greater than 50 and prints 'Pass' if true, or 'Fail' if false.

Answer: if score > 50 then print 'Pass' else print 'Fail'