Question 1: Define a variable in programming and explain its purpose.

Answer: A variable is a storage location in a computer's memory that holds a value which can be changed during program execution. Its purpose is to store data that can be used and manipulated within the program.

Question 2: Write a simple line of code in a programming language of your choice that assigns the value 10 to a variable named 'score'.

Answer: score = 10

Question 3: Describe what happens when the following code is executed: 'x = 5; y = x + 3;'. What are the values of 'x' and 'y' afterwards?

Answer: The variable 'x' is assigned the value 5. Then, 'y' is assigned the value of 'x' plus 3, which is 8. So, 'x' is 5 and 'y' is 8.

Question 4: Complete the truth table for the AND logic gate with two inputs, A and B. Fill in the output column for all input combinations.

Answer: A | B | Output ---|---|-------- 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 0 1 | 0 | 0 1 | 1 | 1

Question 5: Complete the truth table for the OR logic gate with two inputs, A and B. Fill in the output column for all input combinations.

Answer: A | B | Output ---|---|-------- 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 1 1 | 0 | 1 1 | 1 | 1

Question 6: Complete the truth table for the NOT gate with a single input, A. Fill in the output for each input.

Answer: A | Output ---|-------- 0 | 1 1 | 0

Question 7: Draw a logic circuit diagram that uses an AND gate and an OR gate to produce a specific output based on two inputs, A and B. Label the gates and inputs.

Answer: A correct sketch would show two inputs labeled A and B, with A and B feeding into an AND gate, and A and B also feeding into an OR gate. The outputs of both gates could then be combined or used as needed, depending on the design. The diagram should clearly label the gates and show the flow from inputs to outputs.

Question 8: Explain the difference between a variable and a constant in programming.

Answer: A variable is a storage location whose value can change during program execution, whereas a constant is a fixed value that does not change once assigned.

Question 9: If variable 'a' has the value 7 and variable 'b' has the value 3, what is the result of the expression 'a - b'?

Answer: The result of 'a - b' is 4.

Question 10: Sketch a simple flowchart that shows how a variable might be used to store the result of a calculation in a program. Use large blank space for your drawing.

Answer: A correct sketch would include a starting point, a process box where a calculation takes place (e.g., 'Calculate sum'), an input/output box showing storage into a variable (e.g., 'store in total'), and an end point. The flow should be clear and logically ordered.