Question 1: Describe the main characteristics of a star topology in a network. Include how devices are connected and the advantages of this setup.

Answer: In a star topology, all devices are connected to a central device called a hub or switch. Each device has a dedicated connection to this central point. Advantages include easy troubleshooting, centralized management, and reduced data collision.

Question 2: List two disadvantages of using a bus topology in a network.

Answer: Two disadvantages are that if the main cable (bus) fails, the entire network fails, and performance decreases as more devices are added due to data collisions.

Question 3: Explain the difference between a ring topology and a star topology.

Answer: In a ring topology, each device is connected to exactly two other devices, forming a circular data path. In a star topology, all devices connect to a central hub. Ring topology can be more resilient to failures of individual devices but can be slower, whereas star topology is easier to manage and troubleshoot.

Question 4: Complete the following truth table for an AND logic gate:

Answer: A | B | Output ---|---|-------- 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 0 1 | 0 | 0 1 | 1 | 1

Question 5: Draw a logic circuit for an OR gate with two inputs. Label the inputs as A and B.

Answer: A correct sketch would show two input lines labeled A and B entering an OR gate symbol (curved shape with two inputs), with one output line emerging from the gate.

Question 6: Sketch a basic diagram of a mesh network. Your drawing should show multiple devices connected directly to each other.

Answer: A correct sketch would include at least four devices, each connected directly to every other device, forming a web-like structure.

Question 7: Explain why a mesh topology provides high fault tolerance in a network.

Answer: Because each device is connected to multiple other devices, if one connection fails, data can be rerouted through other paths, maintaining network operation.

Question 8: Identify the type of topology described: 'All devices are connected to a single central device which manages data transmission.'

Answer: This describes a star topology.

Question 9: Explain what is meant by a 'hybrid topology' in networking.

Answer: A hybrid topology combines two or more different topologies, such as star and bus, within the same network to suit specific needs or expandability.

Question 10: Complete the truth table for an XOR logic gate:

Answer: A | B | Output ---|---|-------- 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 1 1 | 0 | 1 1 | 1 | 0

Question 11: Draw a simple diagram showing a star topology with five devices connected to a central hub. Label each device and the central hub.

Answer: A correct sketch would depict five devices radiating outward from a central circle labeled 'Hub', with each device connected directly to the hub via lines.