Question 1: Define a variable in programming and explain its purpose.

Answer: A variable is a container for storing data values that can change during a program's execution. Its purpose is to hold information temporarily for processing.

Question 2: Write a simple line of code in a programming language of your choice that declares a variable called 'score' and assigns it the value 100.

Answer: In Python: score = 100

Question 3: Describe what happens in a program when a variable is reassigned a new value.

Answer: When a variable is reassigned, the original value is replaced with the new value, updating the data stored in that variable for subsequent use.

Question 4: Complete the truth table for the AND gate with inputs A and B, and output C.

Answer: A | B | C ---|---|--- 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 0 1 | 0 | 0 1 | 1 | 1

Question 5: Draw a logic circuit for an OR gate using the basic logic gate symbols. Label the inputs as A and B, and the output as C.

Answer: A correct sketch would show two input lines labeled A and B entering an OR gate symbol (curved shape with two inputs), with one output line labeled C.

Question 6: Explain the difference between the AND, OR, and NOT logic gates in terms of their function.

Answer: The AND gate outputs true only if both inputs are true. The OR gate outputs true if at least one input is true. The NOT gate outputs the opposite of its single input: true becomes false, false becomes true.

Question 7: Identify the output of the following logic gate setup: A NOT gate takes input A, which is true; its output is connected to an AND gate along with input B, which is false. The AND gate's other input is true.

Answer: The NOT gate inverts A, so its output is false. The AND gate receives false and true as inputs, so its output is false.

Question 8: Sketch a simple flowchart that shows how a program might determine if a number stored in variable 'age' indicates an adult (age 18 or over).

Answer: A correct flowchart would start with a start symbol, then a decision diamond checking 'age >= 18'. If yes, it proceeds to a process box labeled 'Display: You are an adult.' If no, it shows 'Display: You are underage.' Then it ends.

Question 9: Write a short pseudocode snippet that uses a variable to check if a number stored in 'num' is positive, negative, or zero, and displays an appropriate message.

Answer: if num > 0: display 'Positive' elif num < 0: display 'Negative' else: display 'Zero'

Question 10: Describe a scenario where changing the value of a variable could lead to different outcomes in a program.

Answer: If a variable storing the user's score is updated after each correct answer, the program's outcome (such as passing or failing) depends on the current value of that variable.