Question 1: Write a simple Python function named 'add_numbers' that takes two arguments and returns their sum.

Answer: def add_numbers(a, b): return a + b

Question 2: Describe what a function is in programming and explain its main purpose.

Answer: A function is a block of reusable code that performs a specific task. Its main purpose is to break down complex problems into smaller, manageable parts, making code more organized and easier to maintain.

Question 3: Complete the following pseudocode for a function that calculates the area of a rectangle given its length and width: FUNCTION calculateArea(length, width) RETURN ________________

Answer: length * width

Question 4: Explain the difference between a 'parameter' and an 'argument' in the context of functions.

Answer: A parameter is a variable listed in the function's definition that specifies what input the function expects. An argument is the actual value or data passed to the function when it is called.

Question 5: Design a simple function in pseudocode that checks if a number is even. It should return true if even, false if odd.

Answer: FUNCTION isEven(number) IF (number MOD 2) == 0 THEN RETURN true ELSE RETURN false

Question 6: Draw a logic circuit that represents the AND gate. Label the inputs as A and B and the output as Q. Use standard logic gate symbols.

Answer: A correct sketch would show two input lines labeled A and B entering a standard AND gate symbol (a D-shaped symbol), with an output line labeled Q emerging from it. The circuit should clearly depict the two inputs and one output.

Question 7: Complete the truth table for a NOT gate with input A and output Q.

Answer: A | Q ---|--- 0 | 1 1 | 0

Question 8: Draw the logic circuit for an OR gate with inputs A and B and output Q. Label all parts clearly.

Answer: A correct sketch would illustrate two input lines labeled A and B entering an OR gate symbol (a curved shape with two input lines converging into a point), with an output line labeled Q.

Question 9: What is the output of an XOR gate if input A is 1 and input B is 0? Explain your answer.

Answer: The output is 1. An XOR gate outputs true (1) only when the inputs are different.

Question 10: Design a truth table for a NAND gate with inputs A and B. Include all possible input combinations and the corresponding output.

Answer: A | B | Q ---|---|--- 0 | 0 | 1 0 | 1 | 1 1 | 0 | 1 1 | 1 | 0

Question 11: Explain how a function can help make a computer program more efficient.

Answer: Functions allow code to be reused multiple times, reducing duplication. They also make programs easier to understand and modify, which improves efficiency in development and debugging.