Question 1: Write a simple Python function named 'add_numbers' that takes two numbers as parameters and returns their sum.

Answer: def add_numbers(a, b): return a + b

Question 2: Describe what a function is in programming and explain its purpose in your own words.

Answer: A function is a reusable block of code that performs a specific task. It helps to organize code, avoid repetition, and makes programs easier to read and maintain.

Question 3: Given the following pseudocode, what will be the output if the input is 5? function square(num): return num * num print(square(5))

Answer: 25

Question 4: Complete the following truth table for the AND logic gate: | Input A | Input B | Output | |---------|---------|---------| | | | | | | | |

Answer: Input A | Input B | Output ---------|---------|-------- 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 0 1 | 0 | 0 1 | 1 | 1

Question 5: Draw a logic circuit diagram for an OR gate with two inputs and one output. Label all parts clearly.

Answer: A correct sketch would depict two input lines entering an OR gate symbol (curved shape with two inputs), with one output line emerging from it. Inputs labeled as A and B, output labeled as Q.

Question 6: Explain the difference between a function and a procedure in programming.

Answer: A function returns a value after performing its task, whereas a procedure performs a task but does not return a value.

Question 7: Sketch a flowchart that shows the process of checking if a number is positive, negative, or zero. Use decision symbols and process symbols clearly.

Answer: A flowchart with a start symbol, a decision symbol asking 'Is number > 0?', branches for 'Yes' (print 'Positive') and 'No', then another decision for 'Is number < 0?', with branches for 'Yes' (print 'Negative') and 'No' (print 'Zero'), ending with an end symbol.

Question 8: Complete the truth table for the NAND gate: | Input A | Input B | Output | |---------|---------|---------| | | | | | | | |

Answer: Input A | Input B | Output ---------|---------|-------- 0 | 0 | 1 0 | 1 | 1 1 | 0 | 1 1 | 1 | 0

Question 9: Write a function in Python that takes a number as input and returns 'Positive' if the number is greater than zero, 'Negative' if less than zero, or 'Zero' if it equals zero.

Answer: def check_number(num): if num > 0: return 'Positive' elif num < 0: return 'Negative' else: return 'Zero'

Question 10: Describe a real-life scenario where a function can be useful in programming.

Answer: Calculating the total price of items in a shopping cart by summing their individual prices is a real-life scenario where a function can be reused to perform this calculation.

Question 11: Draw a truth table for the XOR (exclusive OR) gate with two inputs. Label the inputs and output clearly.

Answer: A correct truth table shows: | Input A | Input B | Output | |---------|---------|---------| | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | 0 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | 0 |