Question 1: Describe the step-by-step process of an algorithm that sorts a list of numbers from smallest to largest using the bubble sort method.

Answer: Start from the beginning of the list. Compare each pair of adjacent numbers. Swap them if they are in the wrong order. Repeat this process for each pair until no swaps are needed, indicating the list is sorted.

Question 2: Write a pseudocode algorithm that checks if a number entered by the user is even or odd.

Answer: START Read number IF number mod 2 = 0 THEN Output 'Even' ELSE Output 'Odd' END IF END

Question 3: Explain the purpose of a ‘for’ loop in programming and give an example scenario where it might be used.

Answer: A ‘for’ loop repeats a block of code a specific number of times. Example: printing numbers 1 to 10 on the screen.

Question 4: Complete the truth table for the AND logic gate with two inputs, A and B. Fill in the output column (Q).

Answer: A | B | Q 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 0 1 | 0 | 0 1 | 1 | 1

Question 5: Complete the truth table for the OR logic gate with two inputs, A and B. Fill in the output column (Q).

Answer: A | B | Q 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 1 1 | 0 | 1 1 | 1 | 1

Question 6: Draw the logic circuit for a NOT gate and label its input and output. In the space below, sketch the gate with the input on the left, the shape of the NOT gate in the middle, and the output on the right.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a triangle with a small circle at the output representing the NOT operation, with an input line entering the left side and an output line leaving the circle on the right.

Question 7: Sketch a flowchart to represent a program that asks the user for their age and prints ‘Adult’ if the age is 18 or over, and ‘Minor’ otherwise.

Answer: The flowchart should include: Start shape, input shape for age, decision shape checking if age >= 18, two process/output shapes for ‘Adult’ and ‘Minor’, ending with the End shape.

Question 8: Explain what an algorithm is and give one example of a real-world task that could be represented by an algorithm.

Answer: An algorithm is a set of step-by-step instructions to complete a task. Example: Making a cup of tea involves steps like boiling water, adding a teabag, steeping, and pouring into a cup.

Question 9: Identify the error in the following pseudocode snippet: START Read number IF number > 10 PRINT 'Large' ELSE PRINT 'Small' END

Answer: The pseudocode is correct; no errors. However, clarify that the logic correctly classifies numbers greater than 10 as 'Large' and others as 'Small'.

Question 10: Describe how an ‘if-else’ statement works in programming with an example.

Answer: An ‘if-else’ statement executes a block of code if a condition is true, otherwise it executes an alternative block. Example: check if a number is positive; if yes, print 'Positive', else print 'Not positive'.

Question 11: Draw a truth table for an XOR (exclusive OR) gate with two inputs, A and B. Label the inputs and the output.

Answer: A | B | Q 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 1 1 | 0 | 1 1 | 1 | 0