Question 1: Explain in your own words what is meant by 'sampling' when converting sound into digital data.

Answer: Sampling is the process of measuring the amplitude (volume) of an analog sound wave at regular intervals to create a digital representation of the sound.

Question 2: Describe how the bit depth affects the quality and size of digital sound files.

Answer: Bit depth determines the number of possible amplitude levels that can be recorded for each sample. Higher bit depth results in better sound quality with more dynamic range but produces larger file sizes.

Question 3: A sound wave is sampled 44,100 times per second with a 16-bit depth. Calculate the approximate size in megabytes of 10 seconds of this audio using uncompressed PCM format.

Answer: Sample rate = 44,100 samples/sec; bit depth = 16 bits; duration = 10 seconds. Total bits = 44,100 * 16 * 10 = 7,056,000 bits. Convert bits to bytes: 7,056,000 / 8 = 882,000 bytes. Convert bytes to megabytes: 882,000 / (1024 * 1024) ≈ 0.84 MB.

Question 4: Complete the truth table for a logic gate that outputs HIGH (1) only when both inputs are HIGH (1). The inputs are A and B.

Answer: [{"A":0,"B":0,"Output":0},{"A":0,"B":1,"Output":0},{"A":1,"B":0,"Output":0},{"A":1,"B":1,"Output":1}]

Question 5: Draw a logic circuit that represents a AND gate with two inputs.

Answer: A correct sketch would include two input lines labeled A and B entering the AND gate symbol (a D-shaped symbol), with an output line labeled 'Output'. The circuit should clearly show the flow from inputs through the AND gate to the output.

Question 6: Describe how a NOT gate processes its input and what the output will be if the input is HIGH.

Answer: A NOT gate inverts its input, so if the input is HIGH (1), the output will be LOW (0).

Question 7: Sketch a waveform that shows a sampled digital sound wave with a sampling rate of 8,000 samples per second. Label the time and amplitude axes clearly.

Answer: A waveform with evenly spaced vertical lines representing samples at 8,000 per second, with the height of each line indicating the amplitude at that sample point. The sketch should show the discrete nature of samples, not a continuous wave.

Question 8: Explain why increasing the sampling rate improves the quality of digital sound but also increases file size.

Answer: A higher sampling rate captures more details of the original sound wave, leading to better quality. However, it results in more samples per second, producing larger files because more data is stored.

Question 9: A digital audio file is stored using 24-bit depth at a sample rate of 96,000 samples per second. How many bits are used per second of audio?

Answer: Bits per second = 24 bits * 96,000 samples = 2,304,000 bits per second.

Question 10: Complete the statement: When converting sound to digital form, the process of choosing how frequently to take samples is called __________.

Answer: sampling

Question 11: Draw a block diagram to illustrate the process of converting an analog sound wave into digital data. Include labels for the microphone, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and storage.

Answer: A diagram with an arrow from a sound source (microphone) to the ADC, then from the ADC to storage. Labels should clearly identify each component and show the flow of data.