Question 1: Write a step-by-step algorithm to determine if a number is even or odd. Your algorithm should work for any positive integer.

Answer: 1. Read the input number. 2. Divide the number by 2 and find the remainder. 3. If the remainder is 0, the number is even. 4. Otherwise, the number is odd.

Question 2: Describe in pseudocode how a program would check whether a person's age qualifies them for a senior citizen discount (e.g., age 65 or over).

Answer: START READ age IF age >= 65 THEN DISPLAY 'Eligible for discount' ELSE DISPLAY 'Not eligible' END IF END

Question 3: Explain the difference between a linear search and a binary search algorithm. When is each method most appropriate?

Answer: A linear search checks each element in sequence until it finds the target or reaches the end. It is simple but slow for large datasets. A binary search repeatedly divides a sorted list in half to locate the target efficiently. Binary search is most appropriate for large, sorted datasets.

Question 4: Complete the truth table for the AND logic gate with inputs A and B and output C.

Answer: A | B | C (A AND B) ---|---|------- 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 0 1 | 0 | 0 1 | 1 | 1

Question 5: Complete the truth table for the OR logic gate with inputs A and B and output C.

Answer: A | B | C (A OR B) ---|---|------- 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 1 1 | 0 | 1 1 | 1 | 1

Question 6: Draw a logic circuit that uses two NOT gates, one AND gate, and one OR gate to produce an output that is true only when the first input is false AND the second input is true.

Answer: The correct circuit should have the first input feeding into a NOT gate, the second input feeding directly into an AND gate along with the output of the first input's NOT gate. The output of the AND gate then feeds into an OR gate with the second input (or as per logical design). The final output is true only when the first input is false (NOT gate output) and the second input is true.

Question 7: Write a simple algorithm in pseudocode that checks if a number is within the range 10 to 50 (inclusive).

Answer: START READ number IF number >= 10 AND number <= 50 THEN DISPLAY 'Number is within range' ELSE DISPLAY 'Number is outside range' END IF END

Question 8: Sketch a flowchart for an algorithm that checks whether a person is eligible to vote (age 18 or over). Leave space for the flowchart symbols and connections.

Answer: A correct sketch should include an oval start symbol, a process box asking 'Enter age', a decision diamond 'Is age >= 18?', with 'Yes' leading to a process box 'Display eligible to vote' and 'No' leading to 'Display not eligible', ending with an oval stop symbol.

Question 9: Describe how an algorithm can be used to sort a list of numbers from smallest to largest using bubble sort.

Answer: The algorithm repeatedly compares adjacent pairs of numbers in the list. If a pair is in the wrong order, they are swapped. This process is repeated for each pair in the list, multiple times, until the entire list is sorted with no swaps needed.

Question 10: Explain the purpose of a 'loop' in programming algorithms. Give an example scenario where a loop would be necessary.

Answer: A loop allows a set of instructions to be repeated multiple times, which is useful for processing multiple items or performing tasks until a condition is met. For example, printing numbers from 1 to 10 requires a loop to repeat the print statement for each number.