Question 1: Name three types of data that can be stored in a text file when programming.

Answer: Examples include: numbers, words (strings), and dates.

Question 2: Explain why it is important to close a file after opening it in a program.

Answer: Closing a file ensures that all data is saved properly, prevents data loss, and frees up system resources.

Question 3: Describe the steps involved in reading data from a file in a programming language such as Python.

Answer: The steps include opening the file, reading the data (using methods like read() or readline()), processing the data as needed, and then closing the file.

Question 4: Complete the truth table for a logical AND gate with two inputs, A and B. Fill in the output column.

Answer: A | B | Output ---|---|------- 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 0 1 | 0 | 0 1 | 1 | 1

Question 5: Complete the truth table for a logical OR gate with two inputs, A and B. Fill in the output column.

Answer: A | B | Output ---|---|------- 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 1 1 | 0 | 1 1 | 1 | 1

Question 6: Draw a logic circuit that shows an AND gate connected to two switches, where the output is ON only when both switches are ON.

Answer: A correct sketch would include two switches connected to the inputs of an AND gate, with the output leading to a light indicator. The circuit should visually show that both switches need to be ON for the light to turn ON.

Question 7: Sketch a simple file handling process that reads data from a file, processes it, and then outputs the result. Label each step clearly.

Answer: A sketch showing: a file being opened, data being read into a variable, data being processed (e.g., calculations or modifications), and the result being displayed or written to another file.

Question 8: Write a short explanation of what a boolean value is in programming.

Answer: A boolean value is a data type that can only be true or false, often used in decision making and logic gates.

Question 9: If a program reads a file line by line, what is one way to know when it has finished reading the entire file?

Answer: When the program reaches the end of the file, it will encounter an end-of-file (EOF) indicator or read() will return an empty string.

Question 10: Describe what a 'file mode' is when opening a file in a program, giving an example of two common modes.

Answer: A file mode specifies how the file is opened, such as 'r' for read-only or 'w' for write mode. For example, 'file = open('data.txt', 'r')' opens a file for reading.

Question 11: Draw a truth table for a NOT gate with a single input.

Answer: Input | Output -----|-------- 0 | 1 1 | 0