Question 1: Describe the process of opening a file for reading in a programming language of your choice. What are some common steps involved?

Answer: To open a file for reading, you typically specify the filename and mode ('read' mode). The program then accesses the file and prepares to read data from it, often storing a reference or handle to the file for further operations.

Question 2: Write a simple example in pseudocode that writes the text 'Hello, World!' to a file named 'greetings.txt'.

Answer: Open the file 'greetings.txt' in write mode. Write the text 'Hello, World!' to the file. Close the file.

Question 3: Explain what happens when a program attempts to read from a file that does not exist.

Answer: The program will usually generate an error or exception indicating that the file cannot be found or opened. Proper error handling can prevent the program from crashing.

Question 4: Complete the truth table for a AND logic gate with inputs A and B.

Answer: A | B | Output ---|---|-------- 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 0 1 | 0 | 0 1 | 1 | 1

Question 5: Complete the truth table for an OR logic gate with inputs A and B.

Answer: A | B | Output ---|---|-------- 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 1 1 | 0 | 1 1 | 1 | 1

Question 6: Draw a logic circuit that uses two AND gates and one OR gate to produce an output that is true when either both inputs are true or at least one input is true.

Answer: [DRAWING TASK] A correct sketch would show two AND gates with inputs A and B feeding into each. The outputs of both AND gates and input A or B feed into an OR gate. The final output is from the OR gate.

Question 7: Sketch a flowchart that shows a program that checks if a number is greater than 10 and displays 'High' if true, or 'Low' if false.

Answer: [DRAWING TASK] The flowchart starts with an input box for the number, then a decision diamond asking 'Is number > 10?'. If yes, it leads to a process box displaying 'High', if no, to a process box displaying 'Low'.

Question 8: Explain what the 'close' command does after working with a file in programming.

Answer: The 'close' command closes the file, saving any changes and freeing system resources. It ensures the file is properly finished and prevents data corruption.

Question 9: Describe a scenario where reading data from a file would be useful in a programming project.

Answer: Reading data from a file is useful when loading user information, such as names and scores, into a game or application so that data can be reused without re-entering.

Question 10: Draw the truth table for a NOT gate with input A.

Answer: [DRAWING TASK] A table with one input A and one output, showing A=0, output=1; A=1, output=0.

Question 11: Complete the truth table for a NAND gate with inputs A and B.

Answer: A | B | Output ---|---|-------- 0 | 0 | 1 0 | 1 | 1 1 | 0 | 1 1 | 1 | 0