Question 1: Explain in your own words what a network protocol is and why it is important for computers to use protocols when communicating.

Answer: A network protocol is a set of rules that computers follow to communicate with each other. It is important because it ensures that data is transmitted correctly and understood by both sender and receiver.

Question 2: Name two common network protocols used on the internet and describe their main purpose.

Answer: HTTP, which is used for loading web pages, and FTP, which is used for transferring files between computers.

Question 3: Describe how the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) manages data transmission between computers.

Answer: TCP divides data into smaller packets, sends them to the recipient, and ensures that all packets arrive correctly and in the right order. If packets are lost or corrupted, TCP requests them to be resent.

Question 4: Complete the following truth table for the AND logic gate:

Answer: Input A | Input B | Output --- | --- | --- 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 0 1 | 0 | 0 1 | 1 | 1

Question 5: Draw a logic circuit for an OR gate using AND, OR, and NOT gates. Label each component clearly.

Answer: A correct sketch would show two inputs feeding into an OR gate, with the output coming from the OR gate. The circuit should include labels for each gate and input.

Question 6: A network uses the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Describe what happens when a user types a web address into their browser.

Answer: The browser sends an HTTP request to the web server asking for the webpage. The server responds with the webpage data, which the browser then displays to the user.

Question 7: Identify which protocol is being described: 'This protocol is used to securely transmit data over the internet, especially for online shopping and banking.'

Answer: HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)

Question 8: Sketch a simple network diagram showing a computer connected to a router, which is connected to the internet. Use labels to identify each device.

Answer: A sketch with a computer connected via a line to a router, and the router connected via another line to the internet cloud or symbol. Labels should include 'Computer', 'Router', and 'Internet'.

Question 9: Explain the difference between the protocols TCP and UDP.

Answer: TCP is reliable and ensures all data packets arrive correctly and in order, while UDP is faster but does not guarantee delivery, making it suitable for streaming or online gaming.

Question 10: Describe what a 'handshake' is in networking and why it is important.

Answer: A handshake is a process where two computers establish a connection before data is exchanged. It ensures that both devices are ready to communicate and agree on protocols and settings.

Question 11: Complete the truth table for the XOR (exclusive OR) logic gate:

Answer: Input A | Input B | Output --- | --- | --- 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 1 1 | 0 | 1 1 | 1 | 0