Question 1: Write a step-by-step algorithm to determine if a number is even or odd. Assume you are given a number as input.

Answer: 1. Receive the number as input. 2. Divide the number by 2. 3. If the remainder is 0, the number is even. 4. If the remainder is not 0, the number is odd.

Question 2: Describe in words how a computer might decide whether to turn on a heater based on the temperature reading. Include at least two conditions.

Answer: If the temperature is below 20°C, turn on the heater; otherwise, turn it off. Additionally, if the temperature is below 15°C, turn on the heater and notify the user that it is cold.

Question 3: Complete the truth table for an AND gate with two inputs, A and B. The table should include all possible input combinations and the corresponding output.

Answer: A | B | Output ---|---|-------- 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 0 1 | 0 | 0 1 | 1 | 1

Question 4: Complete the truth table for an OR gate with two inputs, A and B. The table should include all possible input combinations and the corresponding output.

Answer: A | B | Output ---|---|-------- 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 1 1 | 0 | 1 1 | 1 | 1

Question 5: Draw a logic circuit that uses an AND gate and an OR gate to produce an output that is true only when both A and B are true, or when C is true. Label all inputs and gates.

Answer: A correct sketch would show: Inputs A and B connected to an AND gate; input C connected directly to an OR gate along with the output of the AND gate. The output of the OR gate is the final output.

Question 6: Sketch a flowchart that describes the process of checking whether a student has passed an exam. The criteria are: a score of 50 or above is passing.

Answer: A flowchart starting with a 'Start' box, then a decision diamond asking 'Is score ≥ 50?'. If yes, proceed to 'Pass' box; if no, proceed to 'Fail' box, then end.

Question 7: Explain what an algorithm is in your own words, using a real-world example such as making a cup of tea.

Answer: An algorithm is a set of step-by-step instructions to complete a task. For example, to make a cup of tea, you boil water, put a tea bag in a cup, pour the hot water into the cup, wait for it to brew, then remove the tea bag and add sugar or milk if desired.

Question 8: Describe how a decision table can be used to determine whether a person is allowed to enter a club, based on age and membership status. List the conditions and outcomes.

Answer: Conditions: Age (over 18), Membership (member or non-member). Outcomes: Allowed or Denied. For example: If Age >18 and Member, then Allowed; if Age >18 and Non-member, then Allowed; if Age ≤18, then Denied regardless of membership.

Question 9: Complete the flowchart description for a program that checks if a number is positive, negative, or zero.

Answer: Start → Input number → Is number > 0? If yes, output 'Positive' → End. If no, go to next decision → Is number < 0? If yes, output 'Negative' → End. If no, output 'Zero' → End.

Question 10: Draw a truth table for a NOT gate with a single input, X. Label the inputs and outputs clearly.

Answer: A correct truth table would show: Input X = 0, Output = 1; Input X = 1, Output = 0.

Question 11: Describe an example of an algorithm that sorts a list of numbers from smallest to largest. Use simple steps and explain briefly.

Answer: One simple algorithm is Bubble Sort: compare each pair of adjacent numbers; if the first is greater than the second, swap them; repeat this process until no swaps are needed, resulting in a sorted list.