Question 1: Describe in your own words what an algorithm is and give an example of a simple algorithm you might use in everyday life.

Answer: An algorithm is a step-by-step set of instructions to solve a problem or complete a task. Example: Making a cup of tea—boil water, place a tea bag in a cup, pour hot water, wait for steeping, then remove the tea bag.

Question 2: Write a basic pseudocode algorithm for turning on a light switch when it detects darkness.

Answer: IF darkness is detected THEN turn on the light ELSE keep the light off.

Question 3: Explain the difference between a linear search and a binary search.

Answer: A linear search checks each item one by one until the target is found, suitable for unsorted lists. A binary search repeatedly divides a sorted list to find the target, making it faster but only applicable to sorted data.

Question 4: Complete the truth table for an AND gate with inputs A and B and output C.

Answer: A | B | C ---|---|--- 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 0 1 | 0 | 0 1 | 1 | 1

Question 5: Complete the truth table for an OR gate with inputs A and B and output C.

Answer: A | B | C ---|---|--- 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 1 1 | 0 | 1 1 | 1 | 1

Question 6: Draw a logic circuit diagram for a NOT gate connected to an AND gate. Use symbols and label your components clearly.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a NOT gate symbol (a triangle with a circle at the output) with one input, connected to the input of an AND gate (D-shaped symbol with two inputs). The second input of the AND gate is connected directly to a variable or constant. The output from the NOT gate feeds into one of the AND gate's inputs, illustrating the combination.

Question 7: Explain how an IF-ELSE statement works in a programming language. Provide a simple example related to checking if a number is positive.

Answer: An IF-ELSE statement checks a condition; if it's true, it executes one block of code; if false, it executes another. Example: IF number > 0 THEN display 'Positive' ELSE display 'Not positive'.

Question 8: Design an algorithm to determine if a person can enter a club based on age and membership status. List the steps clearly.

Answer: 1. Check the person's age. 2. If age is 18 or above, proceed to next step. 3. Check if the person is a member. 4. IF the person is a member, allow entry. 5. ELSE, deny entry. 6. IF age is below 18, deny entry regardless of membership.

Question 9: Describe what a flowchart is and how it can be used to represent algorithms. Include at least two symbols commonly used in flowcharts.

Answer: A flowchart is a visual diagram that shows the steps of an algorithm using symbols and arrows. It helps to plan and understand processes. Common symbols include the oval (start/end) and rectangle (process or action).

Question 10: Sketch a flowchart for a program that asks the user to enter a number and then tells them if it is even or odd.

Answer: A correct sketch would start with a 'Start' oval, then a parallelogram for input (enter number), a decision diamond checking if number mod 2 equals 0, with two arrows: one for 'Yes' leading to a process box saying 'Number is even', and one for 'No' leading to 'Number is odd'. Both paths lead to an 'End' oval.