Question 1: Write a simple algorithm to determine if a student passes or fails based on their exam score. The pass mark is 50. If the score is 50 or above, the student passes; otherwise, they fail.

Answer: Start -> Input exam score -> If score >= 50 then output 'Pass' -> Else output 'Fail' -> End

Question 2: Describe in words how a 'while' loop functions in programming. Include a scenario where it might be used.

Answer: A 'while' loop repeatedly executes a block of code as long as a given condition remains true. For example, counting down from 10 until zero.

Question 3: Sketch a flowchart that asks a user to input their age and then displays whether they are a minor (under 18) or an adult (18 or over).

Answer: A flowchart with: Start -> Input age -> Is age >= 18? -> Yes: Display 'Adult' -> End; No: Display 'Minor' -> End.

Question 4: Complete the truth table for the AND logic gate with two inputs A and B and one output Q.

Answer: A | B | Q ---|---|--- 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 0 1 | 0 | 0 1 | 1 | 1

Question 5: Draw the logic circuit for an OR gate with two inputs. Label all parts clearly.

Answer: A correct sketch should show two inputs feeding into an OR gate symbol, with the output coming from the gate. The OR gate symbol is a curved shape with two inputs on the left and one output on the right.

Question 6: Explain the difference between a sequence and a selection in programming algorithms.

Answer: A sequence is a set of instructions executed one after another in order. Selection involves making decisions, such as choosing which set of instructions to execute based on a condition.

Question 7: Write a pseudocode algorithm that checks if a number is even or odd and displays the result.

Answer: Input number If number % 2 == 0 then Output 'Even' Else Output 'Odd' End

Question 8: Describe how the NOT gate affects its input and give an example of where it might be used in a circuit.

Answer: A NOT gate inverts its input; if the input is 1, the output is 0, and vice versa. It can be used to create a condition that triggers when a signal is not present.

Question 9: Sketch a flowchart that determines if a number stored in a variable 'x' is positive, negative, or zero.

Answer: Start -> Input x -> Is x > 0? -> Yes: Display 'Positive' -> End; No -> Is x < 0? -> Yes: Display 'Negative' -> End; Else: Display 'Zero' -> End.

Question 10: Complete the truth table for the NAND logic gate with two inputs A and B and one output Q.

Answer: A | B | Q ---|---|--- 0 | 0 | 1 0 | 1 | 1 1 | 0 | 1 1 | 1 | 0