Question 1: Write a simple pseudocode that uses an IF statement to check if a variable 'score' is greater than or equal to 50. If it is, output 'Pass'.

Answer: IF score >= 50 THEN OUTPUT 'Pass' END IF

Question 2: Describe in words how an ELSE statement works in programming.

Answer: An ELSE statement provides an alternative set of instructions that are executed if the condition in the IF statement is false.

Question 3: Given the following condition: IF it is raining AND it is cold, then wear a coat. Write this as a logical expression using AND.

Answer: It is raining AND it is cold

Question 4: Draw a flowchart for a program that asks the user to enter their age and then displays 'Adult' if they are 18 or older, or 'Minor' if they are younger.

Answer: A flowchart with a start point, input for age, a decision box checking if age >= 18, and two output boxes: 'Adult' if true, 'Minor' if false, leading to an end point.

Question 5: Complete the truth table for the AND gate with inputs A and B, and output C.

Answer: A | B | C (A AND B) ---|---|----------- 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 0 1 | 0 | 0 1 | 1 | 1

Question 6: Complete the truth table for the OR gate with inputs A and B, and output C.

Answer: A | B | C (A OR B) ---|---|---------- 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 1 1 | 0 | 1 1 | 1 | 1

Question 7: Draw the logic circuit for an AND gate and label the inputs and output.

Answer: A correct sketch shows a D-shaped symbol with two inputs entering from the left, labeled A and B, and one output on the right, with the label C. The circuit should connect inputs to the AND gate symbol correctly.

Question 8: Describe how a NOT gate works in digital logic.

Answer: A NOT gate inverts the input: if the input is 1 (true), the output is 0 (false), and if the input is 0, the output is 1.

Question 9: Sketch a simple decision-making program in pseudocode that determines if a number stored in 'num' is even or odd.

Answer: IF num MOD 2 = 0 THEN OUTPUT 'Even' ELSE OUTPUT 'Odd' END IF

Question 10: Explain the difference between a nested IF statement and an ELSE IF statement.

Answer: A nested IF statement is an IF statement inside another IF statement, allowing multiple levels of decision-making. An ELSE IF provides an alternative condition at the same decision level, allowing multiple conditions to be checked sequentially.