Question 1: Define the term 'phishing' in the context of cyber security.

Answer: Phishing is a method where attackers send fake emails or messages pretending to be legitimate to trick individuals into revealing personal information such as passwords or bank details.

Question 2: List two common cyber threats that target networks.

Answer: Two common cyber threats are malware and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks.

Question 3: Describe how a firewall helps to protect a computer network.

Answer: A firewall monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on security rules, blocking suspicious or unauthorized access to protect the network.

Question 4: Explain what encryption is and why it is important for network security.

Answer: Encryption is the process of converting data into a coded form to prevent unauthorized access. It is important because it keeps sensitive information secure during transmission or storage.

Question 5: A network administrator wants to prevent unauthorised access to the company's internal network. Name one security measure they could implement.

Answer: They could implement strong password policies or set up a secure VPN for remote access.

Question 6: Complete the following truth table for the AND logic gate:

Answer: {"A":["0","0","1","1"],"B":["0","1","0","1"],"Output":["0","0","0","1"]}

Question 7: Draw the logic circuit for an OR gate. Label the input and output lines clearly.

Answer: A correct sketch of an OR gate symbol with two input lines entering the gate, and one output line leaving it. The symbol should be curved shape with a pointed end.

Question 8: Describe two ways in which users can protect themselves from cyber threats when using the internet.

Answer: Users can protect themselves by using strong, unique passwords and avoiding clicking on suspicious links or opening unknown attachments.

Question 9: Explain what a denial-of-service (DoS) attack is and how it affects a network.

Answer: A DoS attack overloads a network or website with excessive traffic, causing it to slow down or become unavailable to legitimate users.

Question 10: Sketch a simple diagram of a basic network with a router, two computers, and a firewall. Label each component.

Answer: A clear sketch showing a router connected to two computers, with the router passing through a firewall. The firewall should be positioned between the internet connection and the internal network.