Question 1: Explain why it is important for companies to protect personal data of their customers.

Answer: Protecting personal data prevents identity theft, maintains customer trust, complies with laws like GDPR, and avoids legal penalties.

Question 2: Describe two ways in which organizations can ensure they handle data ethically.

Answer: Organizations can obtain clear consent from users before collecting data and only collect data that is necessary for their purpose.

Question 3: What is GDPR and how does it affect how companies handle data?

Answer: GDPR is the General Data Protection Regulation, a law in the European Union that sets rules for data privacy, requiring companies to protect personal data and give users control over their information.

Question 4: Identify one potential consequence for a company that fails to protect customer data.

Answer: The company could face legal penalties, fines, loss of reputation, and loss of customer trust.

Question 5: Complete the truth table for a NOT gate with the following headers: Input, Output. The input is either 0 or 1. Fill in the output column.

Answer: Input: 0, Output: 1; Input: 1, Output: 0.

Question 6: Draw a logic circuit for an AND gate using basic logic symbols. Label the inputs and output clearly.

Answer: A correct sketch would show two inputs entering an AND gate symbol (a D-shaped symbol), with a single output from the gate.

Question 7: Describe a scenario where a person’s data could be misused if proper data protection measures are not followed.

Answer: If a company shares personal details without consent, someone could use that data for identity theft, fraud, or spam, harming the individual.

Question 8: Sketch a flowchart showing the steps a company should take when collecting user data ethically.

Answer: A flowchart starting with 'Request user consent', then 'Collect only necessary data', followed by 'Store data securely', and ending with 'Allow users to access or delete their data'.

Question 9: Explain the concept of 'informed consent' in data collection.

Answer: Informed consent means that users are fully aware of what data is being collected, why, and how it will be used, and they agree to it voluntarily.

Question 10: Identify two laws or regulations other than GDPR that relate to data protection.

Answer: The UK Data Protection Act 2018 and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA).

Question 11: Describe the difference between data privacy and data security.

Answer: Data privacy refers to how data is collected and used ethically, while data security involves protecting data from unauthorized access or breaches.