Question 1: Explain in your own words what a file is in programming. Why is file handling important?

Answer: A file in programming is a collection of data stored on a storage device, such as a hard drive. File handling is important because it allows programs to save, retrieve, and modify data persistently beyond the program's runtime.

Question 2: Describe the difference between opening a file in 'read' mode and 'write' mode in programming.

Answer: Opening a file in 'read' mode allows the program to only access and read the data from the file without modifying it. Opening in 'write' mode allows the program to create a new file or overwrite existing data with new information.

Question 3: Write a simple pseudocode snippet to open a file named 'data.txt', read its contents line by line, and then close the file.

Answer: Open file 'data.txt' in read mode While not end of file: Read line // process line Close file

Question 4: Complete the following truth table for an AND logic gate:

Answer: [{"A":"0","B":"0","Output":"0"},{"A":"0","B":"1","Output":"0"},{"A":"1","B":"0","Output":"0"},{"A":"1","B":"1","Output":"1"}]

Question 5: Draw the logic circuit for an OR gate. Label the inputs and output.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a standard OR gate symbol with two inputs entering the gate and one output leaving it. Inputs labeled as A and B, output labeled as Q.

Question 6: Sketch a truth table for a NOT gate with a single input.

Answer: A table with two rows: Input 0, Output 1; Input 1, Output 0.

Question 7: In a program, what happens if you try to read from a file that does not exist? How can this be handled?

Answer: The program may generate an error or exception. This can be handled by using error handling techniques such as try-except blocks to catch the error and display a user-friendly message.

Question 8: Explain the purpose of closing a file after completing file operations in a program.

Answer: Closing a file ensures that all data is properly saved and resources are released, preventing data corruption and making the file available for other processes.

Question 9: Draw a logic circuit that combines two AND gates and an OR gate to produce a specific output based on three inputs labeled A, B, and C.

Answer: A correct sketch would show: Inputs A and B entering the first AND gate; Inputs B and C entering the second AND gate; the outputs of both AND gates entering an OR gate; final output from the OR gate.

Question 10: Describe a scenario where file handling would be useful in a computer program for a school application.

Answer: File handling can be used to store student records, such as names, grades, and attendance, allowing the application to save and retrieve data across sessions.

Question 11: What is the main difference between a text file and a binary file? Give an example of each.

Answer: A text file contains data in human-readable form, such as .txt files. A binary file stores data in a format that is not directly readable, such as .exe or .bin files.