Question 1: Write a simple pseudocode snippet that uses an 'if' statement to check if a number stored in variable 'score' is greater than or equal to 50. If true, output 'Pass'.

Answer: if score >= 50 then output 'Pass' end if

Question 2: Describe in your own words what a 'for' loop does in programming. Provide an example scenario where a 'for' loop might be used.

Answer: A 'for' loop repeats a block of code a specific number of times. For example, it can be used to print numbers from 1 to 10.

Question 3: Complete the truth table for an AND gate with two inputs, A and B. Fill in the output column based on the logic of AND.

Answer: A | B | Output ---|---|-------- 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 0 1 | 0 | 0 1 | 1 | 1

Question 4: Draw a logic circuit diagram for an OR gate with two inputs. Label all parts clearly.

Answer: A correct sketch would show two inputs entering into an OR gate symbol, with the output leaving the gate.

Question 5: Explain what the output will be if the inputs to a NOT gate are both true and both false. Use logical terms in your explanation.

Answer: If the input is true, the output of the NOT gate will be false. If the input is false, the output will be true.

Question 6: Write a Python 'while' loop that keeps asking the user to enter a password until they enter the correct password 'admin123'.

Answer: password = '' while password != 'admin123': password = input('Enter password: ') print('Access granted')

Question 7: Describe a real-world scenario where a nested 'if' statement might be necessary. Explain your reasoning.

Answer: A nested 'if' might be used when checking if a student scored above 70 and also attended all classes. For example: if score > 70, then check if attendance = perfect.

Question 8: Sketch a flowchart diagram for a program that checks if a number is positive, negative, or zero. Include decision points and output actions.

Answer: A correct sketch would include: start -> ask for number -> if number > 0 then output 'Positive' -> end; else if number < 0 then output 'Negative' -> end; else output 'Zero' -> end.

Question 9: What is the main difference between an 'if' statement and a 'switch' statement? Provide a brief explanation.

Answer: An 'if' statement tests different conditions sequentially and can handle ranges or complex conditions, while a 'switch' statement tests a variable against specific fixed values.

Question 10: Draw a truth table for an XOR gate with two inputs, A and B. Label the inputs and output clearly.

Answer: A | B | Output ---|---|-------- 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 1 1 | 0 | 1 1 | 1 | 0