Question 1: Write a simple Python function called 'greet' that takes a name as input and returns a greeting message in the format 'Hello, [Name]!'

Answer: def greet(name): return 'Hello, ' + name + '!'

Question 2: Describe in your own words what a function is in programming and why it is useful.

Answer: A function is a block of code that performs a specific task. It is useful because it allows code to be reused, makes programs easier to read, and simplifies debugging.

Question 3: Complete the following Python function so that it returns the square of a number:

Answer: def square(number): return number * number

Question 4: A logic circuit has two inputs, A and B. Draw a logic circuit diagram using AND, OR, and NOT gates to produce an output that is true only when exactly one input is true.

Answer: A correct diagram would include NOT gates for inputs as needed, and AND/OR gates arranged to produce true only when A is true and B is false, or A is false and B is true. The output should be an XOR function, which can be implemented with AND, OR, and NOT gates.

Question 5: Using a truth table, complete the table for an OR gate with inputs A and B and output C.

Answer: A | B | C ---|---|--- 0 | 0 | 0 0 | 1 | 1 1 | 0 | 1 1 | 1 | 1

Question 6: Draw the logic circuit diagram for an AND gate with two inputs.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a standard AND gate symbol with two input lines entering from the left and one output line leaving from the right.

Question 7: Explain how a function can be used to make a program more efficient with an example.

Answer: A function allows code to be reused without rewriting it. For example, a 'calculateArea' function can be used whenever the area of different shapes needs to be calculated, saving time and reducing errors.

Question 8: Identify the logic gate that outputs true only when both inputs are true. Describe its symbol and how it works.

Answer: This is an AND gate. Its symbol is a D-shaped symbol with two inputs on the left and one output on the right. It outputs true only when both inputs are true.

Question 9: Sketch a flowchart for a program that asks a user for their age and outputs whether they are a minor or an adult.

Answer: A flowchart should include a start block, an input block for age, a decision block checking if age is less than 18, and output blocks for 'Minor' or 'Adult', followed by an end block.

Question 10: Describe the difference between a function and a procedure in programming.

Answer: A function returns a value after performing a task, while a procedure performs a task but does not return a value.

Question 11: Draw the truth table for a NAND gate with two inputs.

Answer: A | B | Output ---|---|-------- 0 | 0 | 1 0 | 1 | 1 1 | 0 | 1 1 | 1 | 0