Question 1: Describe the main characteristics of ballet as it developed during the Renaissance period in Europe.

Answer: Ballet during the Renaissance emphasized formalized movements, light and graceful gestures, and elaborate costumes. It was performed in courts and focused on storytelling through dance, with an emphasis on precision and technique.

Question 2: Identify one key difference between traditional African dance and classical European ballet.

Answer: Traditional African dance often incorporates improvisation, rhythmic complexity, and community participation, whereas classical ballet emphasizes structured choreography, technical precision, and formal positions.

Question 3: Explain how the development of jazz dance in the early 20th century reflected cultural changes at the time.

Answer: Jazz dance emerged as a reflection of African American cultural expression, emphasizing improvisation, individuality, and energetic movement. It represented a break from formal European dance traditions and was associated with social change and freedom.

Question 4: Name an influential dance figure from the 20th century and briefly describe their contribution to dance history.

Answer: Martha Graham was an influential American modern dancer and choreographer who revolutionized dance with her innovative techniques and expressive style, emphasizing emotional intensity and storytelling.

Question 5: Describe the significance of the development of hip-hop dance in the 1970s.

Answer: Hip-hop dance originated in the Bronx and became a form of cultural expression for urban youth. It introduced new styles like breakdancing and emphasized improvisation, community, and personal expression.

Question 6: Draw a simple sketch of two basic ballet positions, Label each position with its correct name.

Answer: The sketch should show one position with heels together, toes pointing outward forming a 'first position,' and the other with one foot placed in front of the other, with both heels aligned, representing a 'second position.' Labels should be clear and accurate.

Question 7: Explain the influence of traditional Indian dance on contemporary dance forms.

Answer: Traditional Indian dance influences contemporary dance through its intricate hand gestures (mudras), expressive facial movements (abhinaya), and rhythmic footwork, which are incorporated into modern choreography to enhance storytelling.

Question 8: Identify the dance style associated with the 1920s flapper culture and describe its main features.

Answer: The dance style is the Charleston, characterized by lively, energetic movements, rapid footwork, and expressive arm gestures, reflecting the jazz age and flapper lifestyle.

Question 9: Describe how social and political changes in the 20th century influenced modern dance movements.

Answer: Social and political changes, such as civil rights movements and freedom of expression, led to dance styles that emphasized individuality, social commentary, and breaking traditional boundaries, exemplified by modern and contemporary dance.

Question 10: Sketch a simple movement sequence that demonstrates a typical modern dance style, incorporating at least three different movements.

Answer: A correct sketch would include a fluid, expressive pose transitioning into a sharp, angular movement, followed by a grounded, weight-shifting step. The sequence should show variation in levels and dynamics, illustrating modern dance characteristics.