Question 1: What is 'Gross Domestic Product (GDP)' and how is it used to measure development?

Answer: See full answer key

Question 2: Define 'Human Development Index (HDI)' and explain its components.

Answer: See full answer key

Question 3: Describe 'Modernisation Theory' and provide an example of a country where it has been applied.

Answer: See full answer key

Question 4: What does 'Dependency Theory' argue about global development?

Answer: See full answer key

Question 5: Explain the concept of 'Core-Periphery' in World-Systems Theory.

Answer: See full answer key

Question 1: Which of the following is a key component of the Human Development Index (HDI)?

Answer: Life Expectancy

Question 2: Name the country that is often cited as a prime example of Modernisation Theory application.

Answer: South Korea

Question 3: What is a primary critique of Dependency Theory?

Answer: It underestimates the agency of developing countries and overemphasizes structural constraints.

Question 4: Identify two countries classified as 'core' in the World-Systems Theory.

Answer: United States and Germany

Question 5: Explain how 'Structural Adjustment Programs' can impact developing economies.

Answer: They often lead to reduced public spending, increased inequality, and social instability.

Question 1: Based on Nigeria's reliance on oil exports, analyze how this economic structure influences its development according to Dependency Theory.

Answer: Nigeria's dependence on oil exports makes it vulnerable to global price fluctuations, reinforcing structural inequalities and limiting diversification, consistent with Dependency Theory.

Question 2: Evaluate the impact of foreign aid on Bangladesh's development, considering both positive and negative aspects.

Answer: Foreign aid has helped improve infrastructure and healthcare in Bangladesh, fostering some social development. However, it can also lead to dependency, reduce government accountability, and sometimes distort local markets, highlighting complex impacts.

Question 3: How does the case of Nigeria illustrate the concept of 'Resource Curse'?

Answer: Nigeria's abundant oil resources have led to economic dependence on a single sector, corruption, and social conflict, exemplifying the Resource Curse.

Question 4: Discuss the role of international organizations in shaping development policy in Bangladesh.

Answer: Organizations like the World Bank and IMF influence policy through funding and structural adjustment programs, promoting economic reforms but also facing criticism for fostering dependency.

Question 1: Explain why resource dependence can hinder sustainable development in countries like Nigeria.

Answer: Resource dependence can lead to economic volatility, corruption, and neglect of other sectors, impeding sustainable growth and diversification.

Question 2: Analyse the causes of the urban-rural development gap in Bangladesh.

Answer: Causes include unequal access to education and healthcare, concentration of industries in urban areas, and infrastructural disparities, leading to economic and social inequalities.

Question 3: Explain how global economic integration influences development patterns in Bangladesh.

Answer: Global integration through exports and foreign investment drives economic growth but can also lead to increased vulnerability to global market fluctuations and social inequalities.

Question 1: To what extent have international aid programs contributed to sustainable development in Bangladesh? Consider both positive outcomes and criticisms in your answer.

Answer: International aid has facilitated infrastructure, health, and education improvements, contributing to social development. However, critics argue that aid can foster dependency, reduce government accountability, and sometimes serve the interests of donor countries, thus limiting sustainability. The overall impact depends on how aid is managed and integrated into national development plans.