Question 1: What is 'food security'?

Answer: Food security is the state in which all people have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs for an active and healthy life.

Question 2: Define 'malnutrition'.

Answer: Malnutrition refers to deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in a person’s intake of energy and nutrients.

Question 3: What does 'agricultural productivity' mean?

Answer: Agricultural productivity is the output of agricultural goods (such as crops or livestock) per unit of input, reflecting the efficiency of farming practices.

Question 4: Name a country facing significant food insecurity and briefly explain why.

Answer: South Sudan faces significant food insecurity due to ongoing conflict, economic instability, and droughts affecting agricultural production.

Question 5: Identify two factors that influence food availability globally.

Answer: Climate change and international trade policies are two factors that influence global food availability.

Question 1: Which region of the world has the highest prevalence of undernourishment?

Answer: Sub-Saharan Africa

Question 2: Name the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal directly related to ending hunger by 2030.

Answer: Zero Hunger (Goal 2)

Question 3: What is the main aim of food aid programs?

Answer: To provide immediate relief and support to populations experiencing food shortages or crises.

Question 4: Describe one challenge faced by smallholder farmers in developing countries.

Answer: Smallholder farmers often face limited access to modern technology, markets, and credit, reducing their productivity and income.

Question 5: Identify two factors that contribute to food insecurity in urban areas.

Answer: Rapid urbanization and unemployment contribute to food insecurity in cities.

Question 1: Based on the Bangladesh case study, identify two main factors contributing to food insecurity in the region.

Answer: Flooding and population pressure are primary factors leading to food insecurity in Bangladesh, disrupting agriculture and reducing arable land.

Question 2: Describe how climate change impacts food security in Bangladesh.

Answer: Climate change causes more frequent and severe flooding, salinization of farmland, and unpredictable weather patterns, all of which threaten crop yields and food availability.

Question 3: Explain the role of government policies in addressing food insecurity in Bangladesh.

Answer: Government policies such as subsidized food programs, agricultural investment, and disaster management initiatives aim to improve food access and resilience but face challenges due to funding and implementation issues.

Question 4: Analyse the impact of international aid on Bangladesh's food security efforts.

Answer: International aid provides critical resources and expertise to support food security initiatives; however, dependency and sustainability issues can limit long-term effectiveness. Aid programs often focus on immediate relief rather than addressing underlying causes.

Question 1: Explain why climate change poses a significant threat to global food security.

Answer: Climate change leads to increased frequency of extreme weather events, such as droughts and floods, which damage crops and reduce yields. It also causes temperature shifts and altered rainfall patterns, disrupting agricultural cycles and resource availability.

Question 2: Analyse the causes of food insecurity in conflict-affected areas like South Sudan.

Answer: Conflict disrupts farming activities, destroys infrastructure, displaces populations, and hampers access to food markets, leading to shortages and increased vulnerability to hunger.

Question 3: Describe the pattern of food insecurity in urban versus rural settings.

Answer: Rural areas often face issues due to limited agricultural land and resources, while urban areas struggle with food access due to poverty, unemployment, and rapid urbanization, leading to food deserts.

Question 1: To what extent have international food aid programs been successful in reducing hunger in Sub-Saharan Africa?

Answer: International food aid programs have provided essential immediate relief and supported agricultural development, but their success is limited by dependency issues, logistical challenges, and sometimes misallocation of resources. Sustainable solutions require integrating aid with long-term development strategies that empower local communities and improve resilience.

Question 2: Evaluate the effectiveness of sustainable agricultural practices in ensuring food security in developing countries.

Answer: Sustainable agricultural practices, such as crop diversification, organic farming, and water conservation, can improve productivity and resilience to climate change, thereby enhancing food security. However, their success depends on local adoption, access to technology, and supportive policies. While promising, they require long-term commitment and investment to be fully effective.