Question 1: Define 'food security' in a geographical context.

Answer: Food security refers to the state where all people have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs for an active and healthy life.

Question 2: What is 'food insecurity'?

Answer: Food insecurity occurs when people lack reliable access to sufficient, affordable, and nutritious food.

Question 3: Explain the term 'malnutrition' and how it relates to food security.

Answer: Malnutrition is a condition resulting from inadequate or unbalanced diet, often linked to food insecurity, leading to health problems and reduced productivity.

Question 4: Name two factors that can threaten food security globally.

Answer: Climate change and political instability

Question 5: Give an example of a country experiencing chronic food insecurity.

Answer: Yemen

Question 1: Which continent has the highest prevalence of undernourishment according to recent UN data?

Answer: Africa

Question 2: Name the primary agricultural products contributing to Nigeria's food supply.

Answer: Maize, cassava, yams, and groundnuts

Question 3: What impact does climate change have on Bangladesh's food security?

Answer: Climate change causes increased flooding and cyclones, damaging crops and reducing agricultural productivity, which threatens food security.

Question 4: Name one international organization actively involved in addressing global food security issues.

Answer: The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Question 1: Based on the case study of Nigeria, identify two key causes of food insecurity in the country.

Answer: Rapid population growth and limited agricultural infrastructure

Question 2: Describe how climate change has impacted food production in Bangladesh.

Answer: Climate change has increased the frequency and severity of flooding, which destroys crops, reduces arable land, and disrupts food supply chains.

Question 3: Evaluate the effectiveness of current policies in Nigeria aimed at improving food security.

Answer: Current policies such as agricultural subsidies and rural development programs have had mixed success. While some improvements in crop yields are noted, challenges like political instability and inadequate infrastructure limit overall effectiveness. Sustainable strategies focusing on climate resilience and technological innovation are needed for long-term improvement.

Question 1: Explain why climate change poses a significant threat to food security in low-income countries.

Answer: Climate change leads to unpredictable weather patterns, increased frequency of extreme events like droughts and floods, and rising sea levels, all of which damage crops and reduce food production capacity, especially in vulnerable low-income countries with limited adaptive capacity.

Question 2: Analyse the causes of food insecurity in urban areas of developing countries.

Answer: Urban food insecurity is driven by factors such as poverty, limited access to affordable nutritious food, reliance on food imports, and disruptions in supply chains. Rapid urbanization often outpaces food production and infrastructure, leading to increased dependence on external sources and higher vulnerability to economic shocks.

Question 1: To what extent have international aid programs been successful in alleviating food insecurity in Yemen?

Answer: International aid programs in Yemen have provided essential food supplies and medical assistance, helping to reduce immediate hunger. However, ongoing conflict, political instability, and limited infrastructure have hampered long-term success. While aid alleviates short-term suffering, sustainable solutions require political stability, investment in agriculture, and local capacity building. Overall, aid has had limited success without addressing underlying structural issues.

Question 2: Evaluate the potential of technological innovations, such as GM crops and smart farming, in addressing food security in Africa.

Answer: Technological innovations like genetically modified (GM) crops can increase yields and resistance to pests and drought, potentially transforming food production in Africa. Smart farming techniques, including precision agriculture, improve resource efficiency and productivity. However, challenges such as access to technology, regulatory issues, and public acceptance limit their immediate impact. While these innovations hold promise for enhancing food security, their success depends on equitable access, infrastructure development, and supportive policies. Therefore, they are vital components of a multifaceted approach but not a standalone solution.