Question 1: Define 'Globalisation' and provide an example of how it manifests in the modern world.

Answer: Globalisation is the process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among countries through economic, cultural, and technological exchanges; for example, the proliferation of multinational corporations like Apple.

Question 2: What does 'FDI' stand for, and why is it significant in global economic development?

Answer: Foreign Direct Investment; it brings capital, technology, and jobs to host countries, facilitating economic growth.

Question 3: Explain the term 'TNC' and name a prominent example.

Answer: Transnational Corporation; an example is Walmart, which operates in multiple countries.

Question 4: Define 'Cultural Globalisation' and give an example.

Answer: The spread of cultural elements across the world; for example, the global popularity of Hollywood films.

Question 5: What is 'Global Supply Chain' and how does it relate to globalisation?

Answer: A network of production and distribution that spans multiple countries; it enables companies to source materials and manufacture products worldwide, exemplified by electronics companies like Samsung.

Question 1: Which country is often regarded as the primary driver of global economic growth in the 21st century?

Answer: China

Question 2: Name the major technological development that has significantly accelerated global connectivity in recent decades.

Answer: The internet

Question 3: Identify two benefits of Globalisation for developing countries.

Answer: Access to foreign investment and technology, increased employment opportunities.

Question 4: What is the role of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in globalisation?

Answer: The WTO promotes free trade by regulating international trade agreements and resolving trade disputes.

Question 5: Name the two largest economies involved in global supply chains.

Answer: USA and China

Question 1: Based on China's economic growth since 1980, identify two key factors that have contributed to its integration into the global economy.

Answer: Implementation of economic reforms and opening up to foreign direct investment (FDI); development of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) such as Shenzhen facilitated export-led growth.

Question 2: What are some environmental challenges resulting from China's rapid industrialisation and globalisation?

Answer: Air pollution, water contamination, and increased greenhouse gas emissions due to high levels of manufacturing and energy consumption.

Question 3: Evaluate the social impacts of global manufacturing industries on rural regions in India.

Answer: Increased employment opportunities and income levels, but also issues like poor working conditions and environmental degradation.

Question 4: Describe how globalisation has influenced cultural change in Mumbai, India.

Answer: Exposure to global media and brands has led to shifts in consumer behaviour, lifestyle, and the adoption of Western cultural elements.

Question 5: Identify the main challenges faced by developing countries in managing the negative impacts of globalisation.

Answer: Environmental degradation, inequality, loss of local cultures, and dependency on foreign markets.

Question 1: Explain why technological advances have been central to the acceleration of globalisation over the last 30 years.

Answer: Technological advances such as the internet, mobile communication, and transportation innovations have drastically reduced the time and cost of international exchanges, enabling instant communication, global marketing, and the development of global supply chains.

Question 2: Analyse the causes of the shift of manufacturing from high-income to emerging economies.

Answer: Factors include lower labour costs, fewer environmental regulations, and incentives for foreign investment in countries like Vietnam and Bangladesh, driven by multinational corporations seeking cost efficiencies.

Question 3: Explain the pattern of global economic power shifts resulting from globalisation.

Answer: Emerging economies like China and India have gained economic influence, challenging traditional Western dominance, leading to a more multipolar world economy.

Question 1: To what extent has globalisation contributed to economic development in the Global South?

Answer: Globalisation has facilitated economic growth in the Global South through increased FDI, export opportunities, and access to technology. Countries like India and Vietnam have experienced rapid development; however, challenges such as inequality, environmental degradation, and cultural erosion limit the overall positive impact. While some regions have benefited, others face social and environmental costs, indicating that the contribution is significant but uneven.

Question 2: Evaluate the effectiveness of international regulations and agreements in managing the negative impacts of globalisation.

Answer: International regulations like the Paris Agreement aim to address environmental issues, and trade agreements seek to regulate fair practices. Their effectiveness varies; while they set important standards, enforcement is inconsistent, and economic pressures often undermine their goals. Overall, these frameworks are crucial but need strengthening to better manage globalisation’s negative impacts.