Question 1: Globalisation: The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale, leading to increased interconnectedness.

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Question 2: Technological Innovation: The development and application of new technologies that facilitate global communication, transportation, and trade.

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Question 3: Offshoring: The practice of relocating business processes or production to another country, often to reduce costs.

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Question 4: Cultural Globalisation: The worldwide exchange and blending of cultural elements, such as media, food, and fashion.

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Question 5: Trade Liberalization: The removal or reduction of restrictions or barriers on the free exchange of goods between countries.

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Question 1: What is meant by 'Global Supply Chains'?

Answer: Global supply chains refer to the international networks involved in the production, assembly, and distribution of goods, often spanning multiple countries to optimize costs and efficiency.

Question 2: Name two countries that have experienced significant economic growth due to Globalisation.

Answer: China and India

Question 3: Identify one environmental challenge associated with Globalisation.

Answer: Increased carbon emissions from transportation and manufacturing activities.

Question 4: What role does technological innovation play in facilitating Globalisation?

Answer: Technological innovation improves communication, transportation, and data exchange, making international trade and cultural exchange faster and more efficient.

Question 5: Explain the concept of 'Global City' with an example.

Answer: A global city is a major urban center that acts as a key node in the global economic system, such as London, which hosts financial institutions, multinational corporations, and international organizations.

Question 1: Based on China's rise as a global manufacturing hub, identify two positive impacts on the country's economy.

Answer: Increased employment opportunities and significant GDP growth.

Question 2: Describe one environmental issue that has arisen due to China's manufacturing boom.

Answer: Air and water pollution in industrial regions such as the Pearl River Delta.

Question 3: How has offshoring to China affected manufacturing costs in Western countries?

Answer: It has reduced manufacturing costs due to cheaper labor and production expenses in China.

Question 4: Analyse how China's export-led growth has influenced global trade patterns.

Answer: China's export-led growth has shifted global trade balances, increased dependency of many countries on Chinese goods, and prompted changes in supply chain configurations, making China a central player in international commerce.

Question 5: Evaluate the social impacts of Globalisation on rural communities in India.

Answer: Globalisation has provided rural communities with new employment opportunities and access to technology, but it has also led to cultural shifts, inequality, and environmental degradation, creating a complex socio-economic landscape.

Question 1: Explain why technological advancements have accelerated Globalisation in the 21st century.

Answer: Advancements in communication and transportation technologies, such as the internet and container shipping, have reduced costs and time, enabling faster global interactions and trade.

Question 2: Analyse the causes of the rise of emerging economies like Brazil and South Africa in the context of Globalisation.

Answer: Factors include foreign direct investment, liberalized trade policies, natural resource endowments, and integration into global supply chains.

Question 3: Explain how multinational corporations influence cultural globalisation.

Answer: Multinational corporations spread cultural elements through advertising, media, and products, shaping consumer preferences and cultural identities worldwide.

Question 1: To what extent have international agreements like the Paris Agreement been effective in mitigating environmental impacts of Globalisation?

Answer: International agreements such as the Paris Agreement aim to reduce carbon emissions and promote sustainable practices globally. While they have raised awareness and led to some policy changes, their effectiveness is limited by varying national commitments, enforcement challenges, and economic priorities. Therefore, their impact is partial, requiring stronger global cooperation and implementation to fully mitigate environmental impacts.