Question 1: Greenhouse Effect: The process by which certain gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming. Example: Carbon dioxide (CO₂) enhances this effect.

Answer: Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, causing global warming.

Question 2: Mitigation: Actions taken to reduce or prevent the emission of greenhouse gases. Example: Transitioning to renewable energy sources.

Answer: Mitigation involves reducing greenhouse gas emissions to slow Climate Change.

Question 3: Adaptation: Adjustments in systems or practices to minimize the damage caused by Climate Change. Example: Building flood defenses in New Orleans.

Answer: Adaptation involves making adjustments to cope with Climate Change impacts.

Question 4: Carbon Footprint: The total amount of greenhouse gases emitted directly or indirectly by an individual, organization, or country.

Answer: The total greenhouse gases emitted by a person, group, or country.

Question 5: Renewable Energy: Energy from sources that are naturally replenished, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power.

Answer: Energy from naturally replenished sources like solar and wind.

Question 1: What is the primary greenhouse gas responsible for Climate Change?

Answer: Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

Question 2: Name one US state that has experienced increased hurricane activity due to Climate Change.

Answer: Louisiana

Question 3: What is the effect of melting Arctic ice on global sea levels?

Answer: It causes sea levels to rise.

Question 4: Which human activity is the largest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in the US?

Answer: Fossil fuel combustion

Question 1: Based on the case study, explain how Climate Change has contributed to the increased frequency and severity of hurricanes in Louisiana.

Answer: Climate Change has increased sea surface temperatures and atmospheric moisture, which fuel more intense hurricanes. The rising sea levels also lead to greater storm surges, causing more damage in Louisiana.

Question 2: Identify two specific impacts of hurricanes in the Gulf Coast affected by Climate Change.

Answer: Increased flooding and destruction of coastal ecosystems.

Question 3: Discuss one adaptation measure implemented in Louisiana to reduce hurricane damage.

Answer: Building storm surge barriers and improving early warning systems.

Question 1: Analyse the causes of rising average temperatures in the southwestern US.

Answer: The causes include increased greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel use, urban heat island effects, and deforestation reducing natural cooling processes, leading to rising temperatures especially in states like Arizona and California.

Question 2: Explain why sea level rise poses a threat to coastal cities such as Miami and New Orleans.

Answer: Sea level rise increases the risk of flooding and storm surges, threatening infrastructure, homes, and ecosystems in low-lying coastal cities.

Question 3: Describe the pattern of temperature increase across different regions of the US.

Answer: Temperatures have increased more significantly in the northern and western US compared to the central regions, with the Southwest experiencing the highest rise due to desertification and reduced snowpack.

Question 1: To what extent have renewable energy initiatives been effective in reducing US greenhouse gas emissions? Consider both successes and challenges.

Answer: Renewable energy initiatives such as solar and wind power have contributed significantly to reducing emissions, especially in states like California and Texas. However, challenges include high costs, grid integration issues, and reliance on fossil fuels in certain regions. Overall, these initiatives are a vital part of the US strategy but require further investment and policy support for maximal effectiveness.

Question 2: Evaluate the effectiveness of US government policies in mitigating Climate Change impacts over the past decade.

Answer: US policies such as the Clean Power Plan and Paris Agreement commitments have aimed to reduce emissions and promote renewable energy. While progress has been made, including decreases in coal use and increased renewable capacity, political shifts and economic dependencies have limited full implementation. The effectiveness varies regionally, and ongoing policy support is necessary to meet long-term climate goals. Overall, government policies have laid the groundwork but face challenges in enforcement and consistency.