Question 1: Define 'sustainable development'.

Answer: Development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Question 2: What is 'renewable energy'? Provide an example.

Answer: Energy from sources that are naturally replenished, such as solar power or wind energy.

Question 3: Explain 'carbon footprint' and its significance in sustainability.

Answer: The total amount of greenhouse gases emitted directly or indirectly by human activities; it impacts climate change and environmental health.

Question 4: Define 'water scarcity' with a regional example within the US.

Answer: A situation where water availability is insufficient to meet demand, such as in California's Central Valley.

Question 5: What does 'urban sustainability' involve?

Answer: Creating cities that are environmentally responsible, economically viable, and socially inclusive.

Question 1: Which US state is most associated with water scarcity issues due to prolonged droughts?

Answer: California

Question 2: Name two renewable energy sources commonly used in the United States.

Answer: Solar power and wind energy

Question 3: What is the primary challenge of balancing economic growth and environmental sustainability in urban areas like Houston?

Answer: Managing urban expansion and pollution while supporting economic development.

Question 4: Identify one economic, social, and environmental factor involved in US sustainability efforts.

Answer: Economic: job creation; Social: community health; Environmental: biodiversity preservation.

Question 5: Explain the concept of 'energy transition' in US states like Texas.

Answer: The shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote sustainable energy use.

Question 1: Read the case study on California's efforts to manage water scarcity. Summarize two strategies used to improve water sustainability.

Answer: Implementation of water conservation measures, promotion of recycled water, and investment in drought-resistant crops.

Question 2: Based on the California case, evaluate the effectiveness of water rationing policies.

Answer: Water rationing has reduced consumption but faced opposition; long-term sustainability depends on infrastructure and alternative solutions.

Question 3: How has Texas addressed its reliance on non-renewable energy sources?

Answer: By investing in wind and solar power, and diversifying energy sources to reduce dependency on coal and natural gas.

Question 4: Describe the social impacts of urban sustainability initiatives in cities like Austin.

Answer: Improved air quality, increased green spaces, and enhanced community well-being, though challenges include gentrification and affordability.

Question 1: Analyse the causes of water scarcity in California and discuss potential solutions.

Answer: Causes include prolonged drought, over-extraction of groundwater, and climate change. Solutions involve water conservation, improving infrastructure, and sustainable land management.

Question 2: Explain why renewable energy is crucial for the future sustainability of the US.

Answer: It reduces greenhouse gas emissions, decreases reliance on finite fossil fuels, and promotes energy security.

Question 3: Analyse the environmental impacts of urban expansion in Texas.

Answer: Urban expansion leads to habitat loss, increased pollution, and greater resource consumption, but can be mitigated through sustainable planning and green infrastructure.

Question 1: To what extent have US strategies for promoting sustainability been successful? Consider examples from California, Texas, and other states.

Answer: US strategies have shown mixed success; California's water conservation and renewable energy policies have made significant progress, but challenges remain due to climate variability and population growth. Texas's investment in wind energy is promising, yet reliance on fossil fuels persists. Overall, while policy measures are effective locally, a coordinated national approach is necessary for broader sustainability.