Question 1: Biodiversity

Answer: The variety of plant and animal species in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

Question 2: Deforestation

Answer: The removal or clearing of forests, often resulting in environmental change.

Question 3: Sustainable management

Answer: Practices that allow resources to be renewed or maintained without long-term environmental damage.

Question 4: Tropical rainforest

Answer: A dense, warm, wet forest found near the equator, such as the Amazon.

Question 5: Slash-and-burn agriculture

Answer: A farming method involving cutting and burning of trees to clear land for cultivation.

Question 1: Which region is most affected by deforestation due to logging and agriculture?

Answer: The Amazon rainforest

Question 2: Name two main human activities that lead to deforestation.

Answer: Agricultural expansion and logging

Question 3: What is the primary environmental impact of deforestation on biodiversity?

Answer: Loss of habitat leading to a decline in species diversity.

Question 4: Which countries are major contributors to deforestation in Southeast Asia?

Answer: Indonesia and Malaysia

Question 1: Based on the case study of the Amazon, identify two main causes of deforestation in this region.

Answer: Agricultural expansion, particularly cattle ranching, and logging for timber and land clearing.

Question 2: Describe two environmental impacts of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest.

Answer: Decrease in biodiversity and disruption of the water cycle, leading to drier conditions.

Question 3: Explain how deforestation affects indigenous communities living in the Amazon.

Answer: Loss of traditional lands, disruption of livelihoods, and threats to cultural heritage.

Question 1: Explain why commercial logging is a significant driver of deforestation in Southeast Asia, using geographical terminology.

Answer: Commercial logging involves the exploitation of forest resources for timber, often driven by global demand. It causes extensive clear-felling, leading to habitat loss and fragmentation, which disrupts ecological processes and reduces biodiversity. The proximity to ports facilitates export, making it economically attractive for companies.

Question 2: Analyze the role of government policies in either promoting or reducing deforestation in Brazil.

Answer: Government policies that promote economic development, such as land grants and infrastructure projects, often encourage deforestation. Conversely, policies like protected areas and enforcement of environmental laws can reduce deforestation. The effectiveness depends on political will, enforcement, and balancing economic interests with conservation.

Question 1: To what extent do current international efforts, such as REDD+ and conservation agreements, succeed in reducing deforestation? Discuss the benefits and limitations.

Answer: International efforts like REDD+ aim to provide financial incentives for developing countries to reduce emissions from deforestation. While they have raised awareness and funding, challenges include inadequate enforcement, political corruption, and conflicting economic interests. Effectiveness varies by region, and long-term success depends on strong governance and local community involvement.