Question 1: Define 'sustainable development'.

Answer: Development that meets present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet theirs.

Question 2: What is 'renewable energy'? Provide two examples.

Answer: Energy from sources that can be replenished naturally, e.g., solar power and wind power.

Question 3: Explain the term 'carbon footprint'.

Answer: The total amount of greenhouse gases emitted directly or indirectly by an individual, organization, or country.

Question 4: What does 'biodiversity' mean?

Answer: The variety and variability of life forms within a given ecosystem or the Earth as a whole.

Question 5: Define 'conservation' in an environmental context.

Answer: The sustainable management and protection of natural resources and habitats.

Question 1: Which UK city has implemented extensive renewable energy projects to promote sustainability?

Answer: Bristol

Question 2: Name the international agreement aimed at reducing global greenhouse gas emissions.

Answer: The Paris Agreement

Question 3: What is a key challenge in achieving sustainability in urban areas?

Answer: Balancing economic growth with environmental protection and social equity.

Question 4: Identify two natural resources that are considered renewable.

Answer: Solar energy and wind energy

Question 5: Explain why reducing carbon emissions is vital for combating climate change.

Answer: Reducing carbon emissions decreases the greenhouse effect, helping to limit global warming and mitigate climate change impacts.

Question 1: Based on the Thames Estuary project, describe how renewable energy initiatives have contributed to sustainability in London.

Answer: The Thames Estuary project has increased renewable energy generation, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, decreasing carbon emissions, and promoting cleaner urban environments.

Question 2: In the Maasai Mara, how do conservation efforts support sustainable tourism and local livelihoods?

Answer: Conservation efforts protect wildlife habitats, enabling sustainable tourism that provides income for local communities while preserving biodiversity.

Question 3: Identify one challenge faced by renewable energy projects in the UK based on the case study.

Answer: Intermittency of renewable sources like wind and solar, requiring storage solutions or backup systems.

Question 4: Describe how Maasai Mara’s community-based conservation models contribute to environmental sustainability.

Answer: Community-based models involve local people in conservation, ensuring sustainable use of resources and providing economic benefits, which encourages ongoing preservation efforts.

Question 1: Explain why urban air pollution contributes to climate change and how it impacts local populations.

Answer: Urban air pollution, mainly from vehicle emissions and industry, releases greenhouse gases and particulates that trap heat in the atmosphere, accelerating climate change. It also causes health problems such as respiratory diseases among local populations.

Question 2: Analyse the main causes of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest and its global impacts.

Answer: Causes include logging, agriculture expansion (e.g., cattle ranching), and infrastructure development. The impacts are loss of biodiversity, increased carbon emissions, and disruption of global climate patterns.

Question 3: Explain how renewable energy sources can reduce a country's carbon footprint.

Answer: Renewable energy sources produce little to no greenhouse gases during operation, thus lowering overall emissions associated with energy production and decreasing the country's carbon footprint.

Question 1: To what extent are current global efforts sufficient to address climate change? Consider both successes and limitations in your answer.

Answer: Global efforts like the Paris Agreement have made progress in setting emission reduction targets and promoting renewable energy; however, challenges such as lack of enforcement, unequal responsibilities among countries, and economic dependencies on fossil fuels limit their effectiveness. While some countries have made significant strides, overall global emissions continue to rise, indicating that current efforts are insufficient alone and require strengthened international cooperation and commitment.

Question 2: Evaluate the effectiveness of conservation practices in the Maasai Mara in balancing ecological sustainability and economic development.

Answer: Conservation practices like community-based conservation and eco-tourism have successfully protected wildlife and generated income for local communities, fostering sustainable development. However, challenges such as poaching, land pressure from agriculture, and limited funding can undermine these efforts. Overall, while effective in many areas, conservation practices need continuous adaptation, increased investment, and stronger enforcement to fully balance ecological and economic needs.