Question 1: What is 'population density'?

Answer: Population density is the number of people living per unit area, typically expressed as people per square kilometre.

Question 2: Define 'urbanisation'.

Answer: Urbanisation is the increasing proportion of a population living in urban areas.

Question 3: Give an example of a demographic indicator.

Answer: Examples include birth rate, death rate, or infant mortality rate.

Question 4: What does 'gini coefficient' measure?

Answer: It measures income inequality within a country.

Question 5: Name the statistical method used to find the average of a data set.

Answer: Mean

Question 1: Which city reported the highest population growth rate between 2010 and 2020 according to the UN data?

Answer: Lagos

Question 2: What is the primary purpose of calculating population density?

Answer: To assess how crowded an area is and plan resource allocation accordingly.

Question 3: Name a factor that can influence urbanisation rates in cities like London and Lagos.

Answer: Economic opportunities, migration, or infrastructural development.

Question 4: Identify the statistical trend shown by the increase in urban populations in major cities over the last 50 years.

Answer: Urbanisation trend, indicating migration to cities and growth of mega-cities.

Question 1: Based on the case study, explain two factors contributing to rapid population growth in Lagos.

Answer: Factors include high birth rates, rural-urban migration driven by economic opportunities, and limited urban planning infrastructure.

Question 2: Describe how population density data reflects the challenges faced by London due to urbanisation.

Answer: High population density indicates overcrowding, strain on housing and transport systems, and increased demand for public services.

Question 3: Analyze how migration patterns influence demographic changes in Lagos.

Answer: Migration from rural areas increases population size, alters age structures, and can lead to informal settlements if urban infrastructure cannot keep pace.

Question 4: Evaluate the impact of economic growth in Lagos on its demographic statistics.

Answer: Economic growth attracts migrants seeking employment, leading to higher birth rates and population increase. However, rapid growth can strain infrastructure and services, causing challenges for sustainable development.

Question 1: Explain why urban areas like Lagos experience higher rates of population growth compared to rural areas.

Answer: Urban areas attract people due to better employment, education, and healthcare opportunities. Rural-urban migration and natural population increase contribute to faster growth, often resulting in urban overcrowding and infrastructural pressures.

Question 2: Analyze the causes of demographic transition stages in developed versus developing countries.

Answer: Developed countries are often in later stages due to lower birth and death rates caused by better healthcare and family planning, while developing countries may be in earlier stages with higher birth rates and declining death rates driven by improvements in medicine but still high fertility rates.

Question 1: To what extent have urban planning strategies in Lagos been successful in managing population growth and associated challenges?

Answer: Urban planning strategies in Lagos, such as the development of new housing estates and transport infrastructure, have had mixed success. While they have alleviated some congestion and improved access, rapid population growth continues to outpace planning efforts, leading to persistent issues like informal settlements, traffic congestion, and inadequate services. A balanced evaluation considers both the achievements and ongoing challenges, emphasizing the need for sustainable urban growth policies.

Question 2: Evaluate the effectiveness of international aid and policies aimed at reducing urban poverty and inequality in rapidly growing cities like Lagos.

Answer: International aid and policies such as slum upgrading, microfinance, and infrastructure investment aim to reduce urban poverty. Effectiveness varies; in Lagos, some initiatives have improved living conditions and provided employment opportunities, but challenges remain due to rapid population growth, governance issues, and resource constraints. A comprehensive evaluation recognizes successful projects and highlights areas needing further policy refinement, emphasizing the importance of sustainable, inclusive development strategies.