Question 1: Define 'development' in a geographical context.

Answer: Development refers to the improvement in the economic, social, and technological conditions of a country or region, leading to a higher standard of living.

Question 2: What is the Human Development Index (HDI)?

Answer: The HDI is a composite measure that assesses a country's average achievements in health, education, and income.

Question 3: Name three indicators used to measure development.

Answer: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, life expectancy, literacy rate.

Question 4: Explain what is meant by 'qualitative' and 'quantitative' data in development studies.

Answer: Quantitative data involves numerical information like income levels, while qualitative data includes descriptive information like quality of life and access to services.

Question 5: Give an example of a developed country and a developing country.

Answer: United Kingdom (developed), Nigeria (developing).

Question 1: Which country has the highest Human Development Index (HDI) in 2023?

Answer: Norway

Question 2: Name the country known for its high standard of living and technological advancement, often used as an example of developed nations.

Answer: United Kingdom

Question 3: Identify two challenges faced by developing countries in improving development levels.

Answer: Limited access to healthcare and education, high levels of poverty.

Question 4: What does GDP per capita measure?

Answer: It measures the average economic output per person in a country.

Question 5: Name a country that has experienced rapid economic growth in recent decades.

Answer: India

Question 1: Based on the case study of Nigeria, identify two factors that have contributed to its economic growth.

Answer: Oil exports and foreign investment.

Question 2: Describe one challenge Nigeria faces despite economic growth.

Answer: High levels of poverty and unequal wealth distribution.

Question 3: How has Nigeria's development impacted rural communities?

Answer: Some rural areas have experienced improved infrastructure, but many still face poor access to healthcare and education.

Question 4: Explain how Nigeria's reliance on oil exports affects its overall development.

Answer: Heavy reliance on oil makes Nigeria vulnerable to global price fluctuations and can hinder diversification of the economy.

Question 1: Explain why some countries remain less developed than others.

Answer: Factors such as historical colonisation, access to resources, political stability, and infrastructure influence development levels. Countries with stable governments, rich resources, and good education systems tend to be more developed.

Question 2: Analyse the causes of global inequalities in development.

Answer: Global inequalities stem from historical factors like colonisation, unequal distribution of resources, differences in access to education and healthcare, and global economic systems that favor certain regions over others.

Question 3: Explain the role of foreign aid in reducing development gaps.

Answer: Foreign aid provides funding and resources to improve healthcare, education, and infrastructure, helping less developed countries develop their economy and reduce poverty.

Question 1: To what extent are international development aid programs effective in reducing global inequalities? Discuss both benefits and limitations.

Answer: International aid can provide crucial funding for healthcare, education, and infrastructure, helping lift people out of poverty. However, aid effectiveness can be limited by issues such as dependency, corruption, and mismanagement. Some aid programs may not address the root causes of inequality or may be poorly implemented. Overall, while aid has positive impacts, it must be complemented by sustainable development policies for long-term success.