Question 1: Define 'Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita'.

Answer: GDP per capita is the total value of all goods and services produced within a country divided by its population, used to measure average economic output per person.

Question 2: What does the term 'literacy rate' refer to?

Answer: Literacy rate is the percentage of people aged 15 and above who can read and write.

Question 3: Explain 'HDI' and name its three components.

Answer: HDI (Human Development Index) measures a country's level of human development based on life expectancy, education level, and income per capita.

Question 4: Give an example of a developed country and a developing country.

Answer: Example of a developed country: United Kingdom; example of a developing country: Nigeria.

Question 5: What is 'industrialization' and how does it relate to development?

Answer: Industrialization is the process of increasing manufacturing and industrial activity, which typically leads to economic growth and development.

Question 1: Which indicator is most commonly used to measure a country's economic development?

Answer: GDP per capita

Question 2: Name the country in Africa that has experienced rapid economic growth due to oil exports.

Answer: Nigeria

Question 3: Identify one social indicator used to measure development.

Answer: Literacy rate

Question 4: What is the main challenge faced by Bangladesh in terms of development?

Answer: Overpopulation and vulnerability to climate change.

Question 5: Describe the concept of 'global inequality' in development.

Answer: Global inequality refers to the disparities in income, health, education, and living standards between countries and regions worldwide.

Question 1: Using Nigeria as a case study, discuss two factors that have contributed to its economic growth in recent years.

Answer: Factors include the discovery and export of oil, and investments in infrastructure and industry.

Question 2: Explain two social challenges faced by Bangladesh despite improvements in development indicators.

Answer: Challenges include high population density leading to strain on resources, and vulnerability to climate-related flooding.

Question 3: How has international aid impacted development in Bangladesh?

Answer: International aid has supported infrastructure projects, health and education services, and disaster management, aiding overall development.

Question 4: Identify one environmental issue affecting Nigeria’s development and suggest a potential solution.

Answer: Environmental issue: Oil spills causing pollution; solution: stricter regulations and cleaner extraction technologies.

Question 5: Compare the development challenges faced by Nigeria and Bangladesh.

Answer: Nigeria faces challenges related to resource management, corruption, and infrastructure, while Bangladesh struggles with overpopulation, climate vulnerability, and poverty. Both countries need sustainable development strategies tailored to their unique contexts.

Question 1: Analyse the causes of the development gap between developed and developing countries.

Answer: Causes include historical factors like colonization, resource distribution, levels of industrialization, access to education and healthcare, political stability, and global economic systems that favor some regions over others.

Question 2: Explain why access to healthcare is an important indicator of development.

Answer: Access to healthcare improves life expectancy and quality of life, reducing disease and mortality rates, which are essential for sustainable development.

Question 3: Describe the pattern of urbanization in relation to development levels.

Answer: Higher levels of development are often associated with increased urbanization, as economic opportunities attract people to cities, leading to megacities in developed countries, while less developed countries tend to have slower urban growth.

Question 1: To what extent have international aid programs been successful in reducing global development disparities?

Answer: International aid has contributed to improvements in health, education, and infrastructure in many developing countries. However, its success varies due to factors like governance, corruption, and dependency issues. While aid can jumpstart development, sustainable progress requires local capacity building and economic diversification. Overall, aid has been beneficial but not a complete solution to global disparities.

Question 2: Evaluate the effectiveness of strategies like microfinance and fair trade in promoting sustainable development in countries like Bangladesh.

Answer: Microfinance provides small loans that enable entrepreneurs to start businesses, improving livelihoods and reducing poverty. Fair trade ensures producers receive fair prices, promoting ethical consumption and economic growth. Both strategies contribute to sustainable development by empowering local communities, fostering economic independence, and reducing inequalities. However, their success depends on proper implementation and market access, making them valuable but not standalone solutions.