Question 1: Define 'population density'.

Answer: Population density is the number of people living per unit area, typically per square kilometre.

Question 2: What is 'natural increase' in population?

Answer: Natural increase is the difference between birth rates and death rates in a population.

Question 3: Explain the term 'population distribution'.

Answer: Population distribution describes how people are spread across a geographical area.

Question 4: Name two factors that influence population growth.

Answer: Factors include birth rate, death rate, migration, and access to healthcare.

Question 5: What is 'urbanization'?

Answer: Urbanization is the process where an increasing proportion of a population lives in urban areas.

Question 1: Which country has the highest population in Africa?

Answer: Nigeria

Question 2: Name the term used to describe the movement of people from rural to urban areas.

Answer: Urban migration

Question 3: What is the birth rate if a country has 1,200 births per 100,000 people annually?

Answer: The birth rate is 12 per 1,000 people per year.

Question 4: Identify two effects of high population density.

Answer: Overcrowding and strain on resources.

Question 5: Name a country experiencing population decline.

Answer: Japan

Question 1: Based on the case study of Nigeria, identify two challenges caused by rapid population growth.

Answer: Challenges include increased pressure on healthcare and education services, and environmental degradation.

Question 2: Describe one strategy Nigeria is using to manage its population growth.

Answer: Nigeria is implementing family planning programs to control birth rates.

Question 3: Explain how rapid urbanization in Lagos impacts infrastructure and services.

Answer: Rapid urbanization leads to overcrowded transport, housing shortages, and overburdened health and education services.

Question 4: Assess the effectiveness of Nigeria's policies in controlling population growth.

Answer: Nigeria's policies, such as family planning, have had mixed success due to cultural factors and resource limitations. While some reduction in birth rates has been achieved, challenges remain due to high fertility rates and access issues.

Question 1: Explain the main causes of population decline in developed countries like Japan.

Answer: Causes include low birth rates, aging populations, and high levels of urbanization leading to fewer families having children.

Question 2: Analyse how healthcare improvements have influenced population growth in the UK.

Answer: Improvements in healthcare have reduced mortality rates, increasing life expectancy and contributing to population growth in the UK.

Question 3: Explain why some countries experience a 'youthful' population structure.

Answer: Countries with high birth rates and declining death rates tend to have a high proportion of young people, creating a youthful population structure.

Question 1: To what extent are family planning policies effective in controlling population growth in Nigeria? Consider social, cultural, and economic factors.

Answer: Family planning policies in Nigeria have shown some success in reducing fertility rates; however, cultural beliefs and limited access to contraception hinder their full effectiveness. Economic incentives and education campaigns are needed to improve outcomes and better manage population growth.

Question 2: Evaluate the impacts of urbanization in Lagos and suggest possible solutions to mitigate negative effects.

Answer: Urbanization in Lagos causes congestion, pollution, and pressure on infrastructure. Solutions include developing satellite towns, improving public transport, and investing in sustainable urban planning to distribute population more evenly and reduce strain.