Question 1: Define 'urbanisation'.

Answer: The process by which more people move from rural areas to cities, increasing the urban population.

Question 2: What is 'megacity'? Provide an example.

Answer: A very large city with a population of over 10 million, e.g., Tokyo.

Question 3: Explain 'urban sprawl' and give an example of a city where it occurs.

Answer: The uncontrolled expansion of urban areas into surrounding rural land, such as in Los Angeles, USA.

Question 4: Define 'push factors' and 'pull factors' in migration.

Answer: Push factors are reasons that force people to leave an area, like unemployment; pull factors attract people, like job opportunities.

Question 5: Name two social impacts of rapid urban growth.

Answer: Overcrowding and increased demand for healthcare services.

Question 1: Which city is known as the fastest-growing city in Nigeria?

Answer: Lagos

Question 2: Name the main economic factor that attracts people to urban areas in the UK.

Answer: Employment opportunities

Question 3: What is the term for the expansion of urban areas into rural land?

Answer: Urban sprawl

Question 4: Identify two challenges faced by rapidly growing cities such as Mumbai.

Answer: Housing shortages and traffic congestion.

Question 1: Based on the case study of Lagos, identify two impacts of rapid urban growth experienced by the city.

Answer: Increased traffic congestion leading to pollution, and expansion into surrounding wetlands causing environmental issues.

Question 2: What are some of the main reasons for Lagos's rapid population increase?

Answer: Rural-urban migration driven by economic opportunities, lack of rural jobs, and natural population growth.

Question 3: Describe one challenge Lagos faces due to urban sprawl.

Answer: Lack of proper infrastructure in newly developed outskirts causes poor living conditions.

Question 4: Suggest one strategy Lagos could implement to better manage urban growth.

Answer: Developing sustainable public transportation to reduce traffic congestion.

Question 1: Explain why rural-urban migration is a major driver of urban growth in developing countries like Nigeria.

Answer: Rural-urban migration occurs because rural areas often lack jobs, healthcare, and education, prompting people to move to cities in search of better opportunities. Economic growth in cities attracts migrants, but rapid influx can strain infrastructure and resources.

Question 2: Analyse the environmental impacts of urban sprawl in cities like Los Angeles.

Answer: Urban sprawl leads to habitat destruction, increased air pollution from vehicle emissions, and loss of agricultural land. It also increases reliance on car travel, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change.

Question 3: Explain how government policies can help control urban sprawl.

Answer: Policies such as urban growth boundaries, promoting sustainable transport, and encouraging high-density development can limit sprawl, preserve green spaces, and make cities more sustainable.

Question 1: To what extent do the benefits of urban growth outweigh the challenges? Evaluate using examples from the UK and worldwide.

Answer: Urban growth can lead to economic development, improved infrastructure, and job opportunities, as seen in cities like London. However, it also causes challenges such as congestion, pollution, and social inequality. The extent of benefits versus challenges depends on effective planning and management strategies, which can mitigate negative impacts while maximizing economic gains.