Question 1: What is 'industrialization'?

Answer: The process by which economies develop manufacturing industries on a wide scale, typically involving technological advancement and urban growth.

Question 2: Define 'globalization' in the context of economic geography.

Answer: The process by which businesses and economies develop international influence or operate on a global scale, often leading to interconnected markets.

Question 3: Name the region in the US known for high-tech industries and innovation.

Answer: Silicon Valley in California.

Question 4: What does 'deindustrialization' refer to?

Answer: The decline of industrial activity in a region, often leading to economic decline and job losses.

Question 5: Give an example of a resource-based industry in the US.

Answer: Oil extraction in Texas or coal mining in West Virginia.

Question 1: Which US region is most associated with manufacturing and industrial decline?

Answer: The Rust Belt

Question 2: Name two factors that attract foreign direct investment (FDI) to US regions.

Answer: Availability of skilled labor and access to transportation infrastructure.

Question 3: Identify the primary economic activity in the Gulf Coast region.

Answer: Oil and petroleum refining.

Question 4: What is 'outsourcing', and how does it impact US manufacturing?

Answer: Outsourcing is contracting work to external companies, often abroad, which can lead to the decline of domestic manufacturing industries.

Question 5: Name a US state heavily involved in technology and innovation.

Answer: California.

Question 1: Based on the case study of Silicon Valley, discuss the factors that have contributed to its success as a global technology hub.

Answer: Silicon Valley's success is due to a combination of factors including a highly skilled workforce, proximity to leading universities like Stanford, access to venture capital, a culture of innovation, and advanced infrastructure supporting tech industries.

Question 2: Analyze the economic impacts of deindustrialization on cities like Detroit.

Answer: Deindustrialization in Detroit led to massive job losses, urban decay, population decline, and economic hardship. However, it also prompted efforts to diversify the economy and develop new sectors such as technology and services.

Question 3: Evaluate the role of government policies in promoting economic growth in the Sun Belt states.

Answer: Government policies such as tax incentives, infrastructure investment, and business-friendly regulations have attracted companies and workers to Sun Belt states like Texas and Florida, fostering economic growth and population increase.

Question 4: Explain how global economic trends influence regional development in the US.

Answer: Global economic trends such as international trade, technological change, and globalization influence regional development by shifting investment patterns, impacting employment sectors, and altering regional competitiveness.

Question 1: Explain the causes of the decline of manufacturing industries in the Rust Belt.

Answer: The decline was caused by factors such as automation reducing demand for labor, outsourcing production to countries with cheaper labor, technological changes, and shifts in consumer demand away from manufactured goods, leading to economic decline in the region.

Question 2: Analyse the impacts of resource depletion on regional economies like West Virginia.

Answer: Resource depletion, such as coal exhaustion, leads to job losses, economic decline, population decline, and environmental issues, prompting a need for economic diversification.

Question 3: Explain why technological innovation is crucial for regional economic growth.

Answer: Technological innovation increases productivity, creates new industries, attracts investment, and improves competitiveness, thereby fostering sustainable economic growth.

Question 1: To what extent have government policies been successful in revitalizing deindustrialized regions like Detroit? Discuss multiple perspectives.

Answer: Government policies such as tax incentives, urban redevelopment programs, and investment in education have had mixed success. Some areas have seen economic revitalization and job creation, while others continue to struggle with decline. The effectiveness varies depending on implementation, regional factors, and external economic conditions.

Question 2: Evaluate the impact of globalization on regional disparities within the US.

Answer: Globalization has contributed to economic growth in regions like Silicon Valley and the Sun Belt by attracting FDI and promoting innovation. However, it has also widened regional disparities by causing job losses in manufacturing-heavy areas like the Rust Belt, leading to social and economic inequalities.