Question 1: What is an 'Orogeny'?

Answer: A process of mountain building through tectonic plate collision or folding.

Question 2: Define 'Peaks' in the context of mountains.

Answer: The highest points or summits of a mountain.

Question 3: What is 'Relief'?

Answer: The difference in elevation between the highest and lowest points in an area.

Question 4: Name the mountain range located in South America.

Answer: The Andes.

Question 5: Give an example of a volcanic mountain.

Answer: Mount Fuji.

Question 1: Which mountain range is known for having the world's highest peaks?

Answer: The Himalayas

Question 2: Name the process responsible for the formation of fold mountains.

Answer: Tectonic plate collision causing folding and uplift.

Question 3: Which mountain is located on the border between Nepal and China?

Answer: Mount Everest

Question 4: What is the main type of mountain formation associated with volcanic activity?

Answer: Volcanic mountains

Question 1: Describe how the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates has influenced the formation of the Himalayas.

Answer: The collision causes intense pressure and folding of Earth's crust, resulting in the uplift of the Himalayas. This tectonic activity continues, leading to ongoing mountain growth and seismic activity in the region.

Question 2: Identify two environmental challenges faced by communities living in the Himalayan region.

Answer: Risks of earthquakes and landslides, and challenges related to glacial melting affecting water supplies.

Question 3: Explain how the height of Mount Everest impacts the climate and biodiversity of the region.

Answer: The extreme altitude creates a harsh, cold climate with limited vegetation, supporting specialized flora and fauna adapted to high elevations. The height also influences local weather patterns and monsoon interactions.

Question 4: Discuss the role of the Himalayan mountain range in influencing regional climate patterns in South Asia.

Answer: The Himalayas block cold polar air from the north and channel monsoon winds, leading to heavy rainfall on the southern slopes and creating a distinct climate zone that supports diverse ecosystems.

Question 1: Analyse the main geological processes that lead to the formation of fold mountains, using the Himalayas as an example.

Answer: Fold mountains form primarily through the collision and convergence of tectonic plates, which causes the Earth's crust to buckle and fold. In the Himalayas, the Indian plate collides with the Eurasian plate, resulting in intense folding, uplift, and mountain building. This process is accompanied by seismic activity and ongoing crustal deformation.

Question 2: Explain why volcanic mountains are often found along tectonic plate boundaries.

Answer: Volcanic mountains form where magma rises through weaknesses in the Earth's crust, often at divergent or convergent plate boundaries. These boundaries facilitate the movement of magma, leading to volcanic eruptions and the formation of volcanic landforms.

Question 3: Analyse the impact of mountain uplift on local ecosystems and human activities.

Answer: Mountain uplift creates diverse habitats with distinct ecological zones, supporting unique flora and fauna. For humans, uplifted areas can pose challenges such as difficulty in agriculture, transportation, and settlement, but also offer resources like minerals and tourism opportunities.

Question 1: To what extent are conservation strategies successful in protecting mountain ecosystems, such as in the Himalayas?

Answer: Conservation strategies like protected areas, sustainable tourism, and ecological restoration have had varying success in the Himalayas. While they help preserve biodiversity and reduce environmental degradation, challenges such as illegal logging, climate change, and local community needs often limit effectiveness. A balanced approach combining conservation with local development is essential for long-term sustainability.

Question 2: Evaluate the extent to which mountain tourism benefits local communities versus its environmental impacts.

Answer: Mountain tourism can significantly boost local economies through employment and infrastructure development. However, it also poses environmental risks such as habitat destruction, pollution, and resource depletion. The benefits are maximized when sustainable tourism practices are implemented, balancing economic growth with environmental conservation.