Question 1: What is 'weather'?

Answer: Weather refers to the short-term atmospheric conditions such as temperature, rainfall, humidity, wind, and sunshine.

Question 2: Define 'climate'.

Answer: Climate is the average weather conditions of a region over a long period, typically 30 years or more.

Question 3: What is 'precipitation', and give two examples?

Answer: Precipitation is any form of water that falls from the atmosphere to the ground, such as rain and snow.

Question 4: Explain 'humidity' in weather terms.

Answer: Humidity is the amount of moisture or water vapour in the air.

Question 5: Name the two main factors influencing climate.

Answer: Latitude and altitude are two main factors influencing climate.

Question 1: What is the main difference between weather and climate?

Answer: Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions, while climate is the long-term average of these conditions.

Question 2: Which region is most likely to have a desert climate?

Answer: Sahara Desert

Question 3: Name the city in the UK known for its maritime climate.

Answer: London

Question 4: What type of precipitation is common in the UK during winter?

Answer: Snow

Question 1: Based on the climate data provided, explain why the Sahara Desert experiences extreme temperatures and very low rainfall.

Answer: The Sahara's high-pressure systems, proximity to the Tropics of Cancer, and lack of moisture sources lead to high temperatures and low rainfall, resulting in an arid climate.

Question 2: Describe two impacts of the UK's maritime climate on its environment and daily life.

Answer: The UK's mild temperatures and frequent rainfall support lush vegetation and agriculture, but also cause frequent weather disruptions affecting transport and outdoor activities.

Question 3: How does the proximity to the Atlantic Ocean influence the climate of coastal regions in the UK?

Answer: The Atlantic Ocean provides moisture and moderates temperatures, leading to milder winters and cooler summers in coastal areas compared to inland regions.

Question 4: Analyze the consequences of climate change on desert regions like the Sahara.

Answer: Climate change may increase desertification, leading to even less rainfall, higher temperatures, and greater difficulty for local ecosystems and human populations.

Question 1: Explain why latitude affects climate patterns in different regions of the world.

Answer: Latitude influences climate because regions near the equator receive more direct sunlight, resulting in warmer temperatures, while higher latitudes receive less sunlight, leading to cooler climates.

Question 2: Analyse the causes of the UK’s frequent rainfall and mild temperatures.

Answer: The UK's maritime climate is caused by its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean, prevailing westerly winds, and the influence of the Gulf Stream, which brings warm water and moist air, leading to frequent rainfall and moderate temperatures.

Question 3: Explain how altitude influences local climate conditions in mountainous regions like the Scottish Highlands.

Answer: Higher altitudes result in cooler temperatures, increased precipitation, and more extreme weather conditions due to thinner atmosphere and exposure to wind and moisture.

Question 1: To what extent have efforts to reduce the impacts of climate change in desert regions like the Sahara been successful? Evaluate using examples.

Answer: Efforts such as afforestation, water management projects, and climate adaptation strategies have had varying success. While some initiatives have helped to slow desertification locally, the vast scale of climate change and resource limitations mean that overall impact remains limited. For example, projects in Morocco show promise, but challenges remain in scaling solutions across the Sahara.