Question 1: Define 'erosion' and explain its role in shaping coastal landforms.

Answer: Erosion is the wearing away of land by wave action, wind, or other natural forces; it is responsible for forming features like cliffs, caves, and stacks.

Question 2: What is a 'wave-cut platform'?

Answer: A flat, rocky surface found at the base of a cliff, formed by erosion and wave action.

Question 3: Describe the process that leads to the formation of a 'stack'.

Answer: A stack forms when a cave erodes through a headland, leaving an isolated vertical rock formation due to continued erosion and collapse.

Question 4: Explain what a 'cave' is in coastal landforms.

Answer: A hollow formed by the erosion of weaker rock layers along a cliff face, often by hydraulic action or abrasion.

Question 5: Give an example of a famous UK coastal landform and its location.

Answer: Durdle Door, located on the Jurassic Coast in Dorset.

Question 1: Which process is primarily responsible for the formation of a sea stack?

Answer: Erosion

Question 2: Name two types of coastal landforms created by wave erosion.

Answer: Cliffs and caves

Question 3: What are the main factors influencing the rate of coastal erosion?

Answer: Wave energy, rock type, tide levels, and human activity.

Question 4: Identify the process responsible for the formation of a 'sharp cliff'.

Answer: Erosion

Question 5: Name a famous coastal landform in the UK that has undergone significant erosion and provide its location.

Answer: The White Cliffs of Dover, Kent.

Question 1: Describe the main processes that have contributed to the formation of the Jurassic Coast's distinctive landforms.

Answer: Erosion by hydraulic action and abrasion from waves, along with geological factors such as sedimentary rock layers, have created features like cliffs, caves, arches, and stacks.

Question 2: Identify two specific landforms found along the Jurassic Coast and explain how they formed.

Answer: Durdle Door formed by wave erosion through limestone, creating an arch; Old Harry Rocks are stacks formed from the erosion of headlands.

Question 3: Discuss the human activities that threaten the preservation of the Jurassic Coast's landforms.

Answer: Activities such as coastal development, tourism, and pollution accelerate erosion and disturb natural processes, putting the landforms at risk. Conservation efforts are needed to protect this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Question 4: Evaluate the effectiveness of current conservation strategies for the Jurassic Coast.

Answer: Current strategies include UNESCO designation, local conservation laws, and controlled tourism. While these have helped slow erosion and raise awareness, challenges remain due to natural weathering and increasing visitor numbers. Overall, the strategies are moderately effective but require ongoing adaptation.

Question 1: Explain why the type of rock influences the rate of coastal erosion.

Answer: Harder rocks like chalk and limestone resist erosion, forming steep cliffs, while softer rocks like clay erode more quickly, leading to gentler slopes and more rapid landform change.

Question 2: Analyse the main factors that contribute to the formation of a 'cove' along the coast.

Answer: Coves form in areas of softer rock that erode more rapidly than surrounding material, creating sheltered bays. Wave refraction focuses erosion on headlands, while less resistant rock areas are eroded to form the cove.

Question 3: Describe how wave energy affects the development of landforms such as arches and stacks.

Answer: High-energy waves erode weak points in headlands, creating caves. Continued erosion and collapse of these caves can form arches, which may eventually collapse to produce stacks.

Question 1: To what extent are current coastal management strategies effective in protecting UK coastal landforms from erosion?

Answer: Current strategies such as managed retreat, seawalls, groynes, and conservation initiatives have varying levels of success. Seawalls and groynes can protect specific areas but may cause increased erosion downstream or disrupt natural processes. Managed retreat allows natural landform evolution but may impact local communities. Overall, a combination of strategies tailored to local conditions offers the best protection, but challenges remain due to natural erosion forces and climate change.

Question 2: Evaluate the social, environmental, and economic impacts of coastal erosion in the UK.

Answer: Coastal erosion can threaten homes, infrastructure, and livelihoods, leading to economic costs and displacement of communities. Environmentally, erosion can destroy habitats and alter ecosystems. Conversely, erosion creates new landforms and coastal features valued for tourism and natural beauty. Effective management balances protecting communities and preserving natural landscapes, but ongoing erosion presents complex challenges requiring sustainable solutions.