Question 1: What is a 'cirque' in glacial landforms?

Answer: A bowl-shaped hollow with steep sides formed by glacial erosion, often found at the head of a valley.

Question 2: Define 'moraine' and give an example of where it can be found in the UK.

Answer: A mass of glacial debris deposited at the edges or terminus of a glacier; for example, the terminal moraine at Glen Etive in Scotland.

Question 3: Explain what a 'U-shaped valley' is and how it is formed.

Answer: A valley with a characteristic U shape formed by glacier erosion, where the glacier widens and deepens a V-shaped river valley through plucking and abrasion.

Question 4: What does the term 'corrie' refer to in glacial landscapes?

Answer: A rounded, armchair-shaped hollow in a mountain side, formed by freeze-thaw weathering and glacial erosion.

Question 5: Name one other landform created by glacial deposition.

Answer: A drumlin or esker.

Question 1: Which UK region is most famous for its glacial landforms, such as U-shaped valleys and corries?

Answer: The Lake District

Question 2: Describe the process of plucking and its role in shaping glacial valleys.

Answer: Plucking occurs when a glacier freezes onto rock and as it moves, it pulls pieces away, deepening and widening the valley through erosion.

Question 3: What type of glacier is primarily responsible for creating the landforms in the Scottish Highlands?

Answer: Corrie glaciers

Question 4: Name the landform formed at the end of a glacier that is composed of accumulated debris.

Answer: Terminal moraine

Question 5: Identify one UK location where glacial erosion has significantly shaped the landscape.

Answer: Glen Coe in Scotland

Question 1: The Lake District in England features numerous glacial landforms such as deep valleys and corries. Based on this, what are the main processes responsible for these features?

Answer: The main processes are erosion through plucking and abrasion by glaciers, which carve out U-shaped valleys and form cirques. Deposition of debris also creates features like moraines.

Question 2: Explain how the formation of a U-shaped valley differs from a V-shaped river valley.

Answer: A U-shaped valley is formed by glacial erosion, which widens and deepens the valley through plucking and abrasion, resulting in a broad, flat floor and steep sides. A V-shaped valley is formed by river erosion, with a narrow, steep-sided profile.

Question 3: Identify two landforms in the Cairngorms that demonstrate glacial deposition.

Answer: Moraines and eskers

Question 4: Discuss the significance of glacial landforms in the tourism industry of the UK.

Answer: Glacial landforms attract tourists to regions like the Lake District and Scottish Highlands for hiking, sightseeing, and outdoor activities. They contribute to the local economy and promote conservation efforts, but also require management to prevent environmental degradation.

Question 1: Analyse the causes of the formation of corries in the UK.

Answer: Corries form due to freeze-thaw weathering and plucking during glacial movement, which erodes mountain hollows. Accumulation of snow and ice over time deepens and enlarges the hollow, creating a cirque.

Question 2: Explain why U-shaped valleys are wider and deeper than river valleys.

Answer: Glaciers erode the landscape through both plucking and abrasion over large areas, removing substantial rock material and widening the valley, unlike rivers which primarily erode downwards.

Question 3: Discuss the role of climate change in the development and retreat of UK glaciers.

Answer: Climate change leads to warmer temperatures, causing glaciers to melt and retreat, which reduces glacial landforms over time. Historically, colder periods like the last ice age created extensive glacial landscapes in the UK.

Question 1: To what extent are current strategies for managing glacial landscapes in the UK effective in protecting these landforms from human and environmental threats?

Answer: Strategies such as protected area designations, sustainable tourism, and environmental regulations aim to conserve glacial landforms. Their effectiveness varies; while they help prevent damage from over-tourism and pollution, challenges like climate change pose ongoing threats that require adaptive management and international cooperation for long-term preservation.