Question 1: What is a 'corrie' in glacial geography?

Answer: A bowl-shaped hollow formed by glacial erosion on the side of a mountain.

Question 2: Define 'medial moraine'.

Answer: A ridge of debris that forms in the middle of a glacier when two lateral moraines meet.

Question 3: What does the term 'U-shaped valley' describe?

Answer: A valley with a characteristic U-shaped cross-section created by glacial erosion.

Question 4: Explain 'deposition' in the context of glacial landscapes.

Answer: The process where glaciers drop or lay down transported material, forming features like moraines.

Question 5: Name one glacial landform found in the Lake District.

Answer: A cirque or a U-shaped valley.

Question 1: Which of the following features is formed by glacial erosion?

Answer: U-shaped valley

Question 2: Name the process by which a glacier transports material along its base.

Answer: Basal sliding

Question 3: What is the main cause of glacial advancement?

Answer: Accumulation of snow exceeding melting

Question 4: Identify two types of glacial deposition features.

Answer: Moraines and drumlins

Question 5: Describe the process of ablation in glaciers.

Answer: Ablation is the melting, sublimation, or calving of ice, leading to glacier retreat.

Question 1: Based on the case study, explain how glacial erosion has shaped the U-shaped valleys in the Lake District.

Answer: Glacial erosion during the last Ice Age carved out deep, wide U-shaped valleys through processes like plucking and abrasion, transforming the pre-existing river valleys into characteristic glacial valleys.

Question 2: Identify one landform in the Scottish Highlands formed by glacial deposition and describe how it was created.

Answer: A drumlin, formed by the deposition of till when glaciers retreat, creating streamlined hills aligned with the direction of ice movement.

Question 3: Discuss the impact of glacial processes on the landscape of Glencoe in the Scottish Highlands.

Answer: Glacial processes such as erosion and deposition have contributed to Glencoe's steep-sided valleys and rugged terrain. The glaciers scoured the landscape, creating deep valleys and depositing moraines that shape the current topography. These processes have also influenced local land use and tourism.

Question 4: Explain how glacial landforms in the Lake District influence current land uses and tourism.

Answer: Glacial landforms like U-shaped valleys, tarns, and moraines create scenic landscapes that attract tourists for walking, climbing, and sightseeing. These features also influence land use by supporting outdoor recreation and conservation efforts, while the dramatic scenery boosts local economies.

Question 1: Explain why glaciers are able to erode the landscape more effectively than rivers.

Answer: Glaciers erode more effectively because they are much larger and move slowly, exerting greater pressure that allows processes like plucking and abrasion to remove large amounts of rock. Their ability to erode both vertically and laterally results in deep, wide valleys, unlike rivers which mainly erode vertically.

Question 2: Analyse the causes of glacial retreat in the UK.

Answer: Glacial retreat in the UK is mainly caused by climate change leading to higher temperatures, reduced snowfall, and increased melting. Human activities and global warming have accelerated the process, resulting in shrinking glaciers and less extensive glacial landforms.

Question 3: Describe the pattern of glacial deposition features found in the Lake District.

Answer: Deposition features such as moraines, drumlins, and outwash plains are common, often aligned along the direction of ice movement. These features mark the retreat of glaciers and indicate areas where materials were deposited as ice melted.

Question 1: To what extent have glacial processes in the UK contributed to landscape diversity?

Answer: Glacial processes have significantly contributed to landscape diversity in the UK by creating a variety of landforms such as U-shaped valleys, corries, and moraines. These features have shaped regions like the Lake District and Scottish Highlands, supporting diverse ecosystems and land uses. However, ongoing glacial retreat due to climate change poses challenges to landscape stability and management. Overall, glacial processes are fundamental in creating the UK's distinctive physical landscapes, but their future impacts depend on climate action and conservation efforts.

Question 2: Evaluate the effectiveness of current strategies to manage and conserve glacial landscapes in the UK.

Answer: Strategies such as national parks designation, conservation programs, and sustainable tourism initiatives aim to protect glacial landscapes. These measures help preserve landforms and promote awareness, but challenges remain due to climate change accelerating glacial retreat. Effectiveness varies; while protected areas reduce human impact, broader policies addressing climate change are needed to ensure long-term conservation. Balancing tourism, local livelihoods, and environmental protection remains complex, requiring integrated management approaches.