Question 1: Define 'erosion' and give an example of where it occurs in the UK.

Answer: Erosion is the wearing away of the Earth's surface by natural forces like water, wind, or ice. An example is the erosion of cliffs along the Jurassic Coast in Dorset.

Question 2: What is a 'landform'?

Answer: A landform is a natural feature of the Earth's surface, such as a mountain, valley, or plain.

Question 3: Explain the term 'glaciation' with a UK example.

Answer: Glaciation refers to the process of ice sheets or glaciers shaping the landscape. An example is the formation of the glacial valleys in the Lake District.

Question 4: Name the main types of plate boundaries and their associated landforms.

Answer: Divergent boundaries create rift valleys and mid-ocean ridges, convergent boundaries form mountain ranges like the Himalayas, and transform boundaries are associated with fault lines like the San Andreas Fault.

Question 1: Which mountain range is primarily found in the north of the UK?

Answer: The Scottish Highlands

Question 2: Name two major rivers in the UK that have contributed to landform development through erosion.

Answer: The River Severn and the River Thames.

Question 3: What is the primary process responsible for the formation of u-shaped valleys in the UK?

Answer: Glacial erosion

Question 4: Identify one example of a limestone landscape in the UK.

Answer: The Yorkshire Dales.

Question 5: Describe the difference between a mountain and a hill in the UK context.

Answer: Generally, mountains are higher and steeper, exceeding 600 meters, while hills are lower, typically less than 600 meters, with more gentle slopes.

Question 1: The Lake District in northwest England is famous for its glacial landforms. Based on this, explain how glaciation has shaped this landscape.

Answer: Glaciation has carved out U-shaped valleys, created ribbon lakes like Windermere, and formed features such as corries and arêtes. The advancing and retreating glaciers during the last Ice Age shaped these landforms.

Question 2: Discuss the impact of glacial erosion on the landscape of the Scottish Highlands.

Answer: Glacial erosion has formed rugged mountains, deep glacial valleys, and lochs. Features such as Ben Nevis and Glen Coe are results of past glacial activity, contributing to the area's dramatic scenery.

Question 3: How does the process of coastal erosion threaten communities along the Jurassic Coast?

Answer: Coastal erosion leads to the loss of land, threatens properties and infrastructure, and causes cliff collapses. It also exposes fossils and geological features, impacting tourism and local livelihoods.

Question 4: Evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of tourism based on the Lake District's physical landscape.

Answer: Benefits include economic growth, employment, and conservation funding. Drawbacks involve environmental degradation, increased pollution, and pressure on natural resources. Sustainable tourism practices are essential to balance these impacts.

Question 1: Explain why tectonic activity has a significant impact on the UK’s physical landscape.

Answer: Tectonic activity causes uplift and faulting, forming mountain ranges like the Pennines. It also influences seismic activity and the formation of geological features such as rift valleys. These processes shape the landscape over millions of years.

Question 2: Analyse the causes of soil erosion in the UK’s upland areas.

Answer: Soil erosion in upland areas is caused by heavy rainfall, strong winds, and lack of vegetation cover. Human activities like overgrazing and deforestation exacerbate erosion, leading to loss of fertile soil and landscape degradation.

Question 3: Explain the role of glacial processes in creating the physical features of the Lake District.

Answer: Glacial processes have carved out deep valleys, shaped rounded and sharp-edged mountains, and formed lakes and corries. The retreat of glaciers left behind these distinctive landforms, which are characteristic of the Lake District’s landscape.

Question 1: To what extent are current strategies effective in managing natural hazards like coastal erosion and landslides in the UK’s physical landscape?

Answer: Strategies such as sea defenses, managed retreat, and afforestation have varying degrees of success. Sea defenses can prevent erosion temporarily but may be costly and have environmental impacts. Managed retreat allows natural processes but risks property loss. Overall, a combination of methods tailored to local conditions is most effective, yet challenges remain in balancing environmental and economic considerations.